Information Asymmetries and Risk Management in Healthcare Markets: The U.S. Affordable Care Act in Retrospect

This article critically examines the pertinent issues in ex ante and ex post moral hazard in healthcare markets, with the U.S. Affordable Care Act (ACA) as its focal point of inquiry. First, it compares the various types of information asymmetries resulting from the production, allocation, and utilization of health insurance. Second, it reviews the literature on adverse selection, moral hazard, and risk mitigation against which salient ACA reforms are analyzed. In contrasting conventional moral hazard from an alternative theory of welfare maximization, it suggests that healthcare (over)utilization cannot necessarily be considered wasteful, even if it ends up costing insurers more on a short-term basis. Costs and savings attributable to healthcare spending under the ACA will vary between the consumer, insurer, and regulator-subsidizer. Despite the ambiguities surrounding definitions of “health,” the challenge of containing inefficient moral hazard, and encouraging its desirable counterpart, lies in the tradeoffs that arise between consumer access to affordable and quality healthcare and the market competitiveness of health insurers. The new Trump administration will have to address these tradeoffs in repealing and replacing the ACA, particularly in light of escalating insurance premiums and deductibles, narrower provider networks, and technical implementation issues.     

道德风险存在下董事责任保险市场的保费水平分析

本文通过对董事责任保险市场的介绍,指出在董事责任保险市场中存在着严重的道德风险问题,通过对市场中保险双方行为的博弈分析,得到在道德风险存在下的保费变动范围,并指出防止或减轻董事责任保险市场中道德风险的方法.     

论长株潭“两型”社会建设视野下生态道德意识的培养

长株潭＂两型＂社会建设的本质就是实现生态化发展,而实现生态化发展最根本最有效地手段是提高全体社会成员生态道德意识。为此,要从政府决策宏观层次、企业中观层次和社会公众微观层次三方面来提高生态道德意识,同时,还应发挥学校教育在环境道德意识培养中的特殊作用以及加强环保部门组织协调作用。     

The Effects of Executive,Firm, and Board Characteristics on Executive Exit

We estimate a hazard model of the probability of top corporate executives exiting their firms over the period 1996–2010. Our main findings are that: (1) female executives have greater likelihoods of exit than males, (2) the likelihood of exit increases with the independence of the board and decreases with the fraction of the board that is female and the average age of board members, and (3) a higher percentage of independent directors on the board lowers the probability of exit more for females than for males. Further, controlling for exit risk reduces the well‐documented compensation differential between men and women.     

高校道德教育模式拓展的几点思考

道德教育的重要特点是其过程具有渐进性。一个人的道德品质需要长期的实践,也需要经常性的理论指导和正确引导。为使大学生接受连贯系统的道德教育,激发其道德追求,满足其道德需要,高校拓展道德教育模式可以有以下几种选择：开设专门研究道德现象的伦理学课程,深化大学生对道德问题的理性认识;开设与大学生道德生活联系密切的公共选修课程,提高大学生对道德现象的全面认识;开展心理健康教育,构建＂心理——道德＂教育模式,夯实塑造大学生健全人格的心理基础;借助学生社团活动,开辟道德教育的实践空间;开办专题讲座或学术报告,开展＂时事性＂道德教育;发挥大学生的主动性和积极性,引导大学生进行自我教育。     

高校道德教育的文化依托和建构

文化是道德的母体,大学校园文化具有强大的价值理性建构功能和德育功能：精神文化为道德和价值观念提供思想资源,物质文化为道德合理性提供依据并创设“场”环境,制度文化为道德的选择、维系与规范提供保证。应当在高校文化背景下构建高校道德“场”,寻找文化与道德教育的契合点,从文化的提升、传承、创新、展现等方面来加强道德教育的文化建构,进而提高德育实效性。     

Ex post participation constraint in a principal–agent model with adverse selection and moral hazard

This paper analyzes optimal contracting when an agent has private information before contracting and exerts hidden effort that stochastically affects the output. Additionally, the contract is constrained to satisfy the agentʼs ex post participation. We highlight three features of this model. First, the agent faces countervailing incentives. Second, the separation of types is never optimal. Third, the optimal constant bonus rewarding success is distorted downward below its efficient level.     

“I don’t Care that People don’t Like What I Do” – Business Codes Viewed as Invisible or Visible Restrictions

Research about codes of corporate ethics has hitherto taken a hypothetical, correct meaning of codes for granted. The article problematises the dichotomous categories intrinsic and subjective meanings of codes. I address the question if professionals in finance accept codes of business. The particular mentality of stockbrokers and traders constructs the way they judge restrictions such as company codes of ethics. While neglecting dimensions of ethics beyond known rules, brokers and traders distrust good ethics as a possible end in itself. Many professionals in the financial market perceive efforts to integrate ethical reasoning in work as only means for maximising business opportunities.     

基于SWOT分析理论的施工企业安全管理要点

针对近几年施工企业安全形势严峻,安全管理急需转型的形势完成本文。本文通过对企业安全管理的内部能力与外部因素运用SWOT分析,阐述了施工企业安全管理战略从过去突击式的安全大检查到以预防为主的危险源辨识管控的转变。     

谈大学辅导员德育工作

辅导员是学生思想政治工作的骨干力量,专职从事学生思想教育和行为管理工作,是教师队伍的重要组成部分。辅导员对学生进行思想政治教育和日常行为管理,把学生培养成为德、智、体全面发展的人才,成为社会主义事业的建设者和接班人。文章以现代大学生的德育工作为基础,针对当前大学生在思想品德上存在的各种问题的原因,从4个方面（以理解、尊重为基础,以爱心为出发点开展工作;量化管理抓落实;营造良好的学习环境;培养学生竞争意识和竞争心理）总结了德育工作中的经验。