Two-dimensional mapping of Asia Pacific destinations combining tourism and economic indicators

The present study aims to cluster five Asia Pacific destinations (Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Singapore) with respect to other countries according to the evolution of the main tourism and economic indicators over the period between 2000 and 2014. By assigning a numerical value to each country corresponding to its position, we summarize all the information into two components (“tourism expenditure and profitability of tourism activity” and “tourism development and economic growth”) using different multivariate techniques for dimensionality reduction. By means of perceptual maps, we find that the five Asia Pacific destinations can be clustered into three different groups: Hong Kong and Singapore, which are the most mature markets; Indonesia and the Philippines, with moderate growth rates in most variables; and Cambodia, with top positions in all variables, showing a huge potential in terms of growth and tourism development and the challenges derived therefrom.     

乡村居民参与旅游发展的多维价值及完善建议——以贵州安顺天龙屯堡文化村为个案研究

乡村居民作为乡村旅游资源的重要载体和乡村旅游开发的核心利益主体,其参与旅游发展的态度、参与程度不仅关系到乡村居民自身利益,对于提高旅游者体验质量,开拓乡村旅游市场,促进乡村旅游地可持续发展等都有着重要的现实意义。本文在文献研究和实地调研的基础上,从实证经济学角度出发,以贵州安顺天龙屯堡乡村旅游发展模式为个案,对乡村居民参与旅游发展的实践进行分析,进一步探索和揭示乡村社区居民参与旅游发展的意义,并对社区居民参与旅游发展中的潜在问题提出完善建议。     

Dynamic strategic groups: deriving spatial evolutionary paths

Recent theoretical developments in the domain of strategic groups, specifically those related to cognitive groups and strategic group identity, seem to suggest that strategic group membership is likely to be relatively stable over time and that firms in a strategic group co‐evolve. Yet appropriate data analytic approaches that use information about firms over time to identify stable strategic groups and their evolutionary paths have been lacking. To overcome such limitations, this research proposes a new clusterwise bilinear multidimensional scaling model that can simultaneously identify (1) the number of strategic groups, (2) the dimensions on which the strategic groups are based, and (3) the evolution of the strategy of these groups over time. Our discussion encompasses various alternative model specifications, together with model selection heuristics based on statistical information criteria. An illustration of the proposed methodology using data pertaining to strategic variables for a sample of public banks in the tristate area of New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania across three time periods (1995, 1999, and 2003) identifies two underlying dimensions with five strategic groups that display very different evolutionary paths over time. Post hoc analysis shows pronounced differences in firm performance across the five derived strategic groups. This article concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings, as well as potential future research directions. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Resolving the innovation puzzle of latecomers: the case of Taiwan

In the currently rapidly changing business world, innovation has not only become the key to survival and success, but also the defining challenge of organisations. For latecomer firms, however, because of their inherent resource constraints, innovation has become a far more complex undertaking, similar to a multidimensional puzzle. Although there have been an increasing number of practitioner-based surveys, a discrepancy still remains between academia and industry concerning the role and importance of R&D in innovation. Therefore, this study carried out an industry–university–institution survey of Taiwan, based on a multidimensional framework of the innovation puzzle: human, R&D, flow and connection. The results reveal several interesting clues and provide a better understanding of the innovation puzzle for latecomers, and more importantly, resolves the puzzle that could help latecomers identify where new opportunities lie and what weaknesses they must strengthen.     

提高党政领导人才教育培训科学化水平的多维分析

党政领导人才教育培训的投入是最具经济和社会效益的投入,也是收益最大的投入。党政领导人才教育培训是党政领导人才资源开发系统中的一个基础和重要环节。党政领导人才教育培训应遵循现代成人教育培训的基本规律。     

On the power of indicators: how the choice of fuel poverty indicator affects the identification of the target population

In light of the creation of the EU Energy Poverty Observatory (EPOV) in January 2018 and the increase in debates on how fuel poverty is measured, we propose a critical analysis of fuel poverty indicators and demonstrate that choosing a given indicator is central to the identification of the fuel-poorpopulation.

First, we conducted an inter-indicator analysis to show how profiles of fuel-poor households vary depending on the indicator selected. We designed a multidimensional approach based on a multiple correspondence analysis and a hierarchical and partitioning clustering analysis to study characteristics of fuel-poor households. We highlight the difficulty of identifying a fuel-poor ‘typical profile’ and show that the composition of the population depends on the choice of the indicator.

Second, we applied an intra-indicator analysis using two objective expenditure-based indicators with thresholds. In particular, we conducted a sensitivity analysis based on a logit model including variables describing household and dwelling characteristics. We show that the profiles of fuel-poor households as well as the drivers of fuel poverty vary considerably with the chosen threshold level.Given these findings, we stress the need to review how we currently rely on conventional fuel poverty indicators to identify target groups and give some recommendations.     

An empirically-derived multidimensional measure of expatriate success: reconciling the discord

This paper examines the discord surrounding how expatriate success, or effectiveness, is defined. We review the many ways that success has been conceptualized and then seek to reconcile these differences by presenting a multidimensional measure of success, based on data collected from 118 expatriate respondents worldwide. A series of factor analyses, along with reliability and item analyses yielded nine measurement scales which included cultural adjustment, work-related adjustment, career development, HQ-subsidiary coordination, assignment completion, professional/skill development, shaping and controlling the subsidiary, satisfaction and overall assignment effectiveness. The process by which these scales were developed is described in the paper and all items and scale reliabilities are presented.     

Key Sectors,Industrial Clustering and Multivariate Outliers

In this paper a reflection is made on the problems that can arise in key sector analysis and industrial clustering, due to the usual presence of outliers when using multidimensional data related to the sectors in an input–output table. Multidimensional outliers are considered as being not only linked to the low number of clusters usually observed in this kind of study, but probably causing invalid results in most of the works involving multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster and factor analysis. Actually, by comparing the key sectors of the Spanish economy obtained in Díaz et al. (2006) Díaz, B., Moniche, L. and Morillas, A. 2006. A fuzzy clustering approach to the key sectors of the Spanish economy. Economic Systems Research, 18: 299–318. [Taylor & Francis Online] [Google Scholar] to the ones we get taking into account the problem the outliers pose, one can realize they greatly distort the results. On the other hand, it is shown that identification of outliers can be considered as a good and new procedure to help select the most important sectors in an economy.     

基于多维剥夺的城市社区公共设施空间分布及类型特征研究

随着中国经济社会结构加速转变,社区日益成为社会治理的着力点。虽然中国的社区建设已经取得了一些实质性的成绩,但在其建设过程中存在设施配置的差异化,打造共建共治共享的社会治理格局是当前城市建设的重中之重。以乌鲁木齐市为研究对象,基于乌鲁木齐市城市社区设施社会经济统计数据、网络兴趣点（POI）数据和路网数据,分析城市各区县社区设施数量特征,通过构建单一维度剥夺指数和多维剥夺指数,探讨城市社区设施的空间剥夺程度及类型划分。结果表明：①数量上看,乌鲁木齐市社区公共设施分布不均衡,新市区最多,在6类不同设施中,购物及商业服务设施数量最多;②单维度剥夺指数的结果分析表明,6类设施对应的单维剥夺指数整体从城市中心向外围空间递增,但不同剥夺维度呈现不同空间格局,具有明显的空间异质性特征;③多维剥夺指数在空间上的分布主要呈现“中心低、外围高”的格局,城市西南部的剥夺指数稍大于东北部区域,当延伸到绕城高速附近时,多维剥夺值明显上升;④运用地理探测器中的分异及因子探测和交互作用探测,购物及商业服务对多维剥夺指数空间分异的解释力最强,将多维剥夺程度高的社区划分为4种类型,即教育交通剥夺型、体育服务剥夺型、教育医疗剥夺型和体育教育剥夺型。通过对社区设施空间格局及其剥夺的分析,为解决社区设施空间剥夺问题提出对策和建议。