Macroeconomic stabilization through monetary and fiscal policy coordination: Implications for European Monetary Union

In a two-country model, we consider the implications of monetary and fiscal policy coordination for macroeconomic stabilization. We show that the optimal regime is one of monetary and fiscal policy coordination under flexible exchange rates. In the context of the European Community, this suggests that the desire to fix exchange rates may not be costless. In addition, we show that fiscal coordination requires a relatively high degree of flexibility in fiscal policy. This result suggests that limits on the flexibility of fiscal policies, as suggested in the Delors Report, may hinder macroeconomic stabilization.     

论可持续消费行为转变的途径(综述)

可持续消费行为转变已成为国际上可持续消费政策研究的热点。但转变消费者行为是一项艰巨而复杂的任务。通过说服、试错、多样性模仿形式学习和打破"不可持续"的习惯可以在一定程度上转变不可持续的消费行为。此外,政策选择的干预也可以促进消费者行为的转变。     

从日本环境问题对策的变迁看我国的环境政策

环境问题可以区分为“公害型”环境问题与“扩展型”环境问题,文章在分析了日本在解决这些环境问题方面积累的经验和教训的同时,提出解决我国的环境问题,要完善我国的环境政策体系,加强环境执法检查和行政执法,建立绿色核算体系和制度,彻底确立“环境保护优先”的方针,大幅度地增加环境支出,提高公众的环保意识的对策建议。     

从我国土地征用制度的变迁论土地征用制度的完善

文章在回顾和总结我国土地征用制度变迁的基础上,总结出我国土地征用制度具有实行相当补偿原则、补偿金额较低、重视安置责任等特点。并针对以上特点,从严格土地征用制度、有条件实行完全补偿原则等方面提出了完善土地征用制度的对策建议。     

货币政策对股票价格行为的影响实证分析

文章以影响股票价格的理论为基础,采用现代计量技术,采用2005年1月至2007年6月的月度时间序列数据,研究了汇率、存款准备金率以及利率、货币供应量等宏观经济因素对股票价格的影响。从2005年6月以来我国A股市场股票价格的持续上涨,其主要原因是经济的高速增长、人民币升值以及充足的货币供应量;而加息与提高存款准备金率对股票价格变化的影响有限。     

战略高技术产业对国家创新能力的创新驱动——基于武汉光电子产业的分析

文章提出了战略高技术产业对提高国家创新能力的创新驱动模型,并建立了创新驱动函数模型,以武汉地区的光电子信息产业为例做了分析。     

Fiscal Policy and Macroeconomic Stabilizations: What are the Gains from Cooperation?

In this paper we extend the open-economy stochastic framework of Obstfeld and Rogoff (Q J Econ. 117:503–36, 2002) to include distortionary taxation, when prices are flexible but wages are sticky. We use the model to analyze the optimal design of tax rules that respond to productivity shocks, under non-cooperation and cooperation between the fiscal authorities, and evaluate the gains from coordination. We show that, although monetary policy would be preferred to fiscal policy as a stabilization tool both under competition (Nash) and under cooperation, there is a role for procyclical fiscal stabilization in a monetary union where the monetary authority cannot respond to asymmetric shocks. Moreover, we show that in the Nash game there will be an incentive for the fiscal authorities to try to manipulate the terms-of-trade in their favor, and we estimate the potential gains from fiscal policy coordination. The size of the gains depends crucially on the value of the Frisch elasticity of labor supply. For lower values of the Frisch elasticity (more in line with microeconometric estimates) the gains are relatively small, but for more elastic labor supplies (more in agreement with the business cycle literature) the gains can be very large.

区域经济协调发展与财税政策研究

区域发展不平衡是当前我国经济发展中遇到的最大问题,这与财税政策有着密切的关系。本文分析了我国财税政策在协调区域经济发展方面存在的问题,提出了规范转移支付制度、调整中央和地方共享税范围与比例、适时开征财产税以及改变现行税收优惠措施等一系列政策建议,以期为促进我国区域经济协调发展有所裨益。     

Scarcity of safe assets,inflation, and the policy trap

A goal of this paper is to make sense of the seemingly puzzling behavior of interest rates and inflation – and the role of central banks in that behavior – during and after the Great Recession, particularly in the United States. To this end, we construct a model in which government debt plays a key role in exchange, and can bear a liquidity premium. If asset market constraints bind, then there need not be deflation under an indefinite zero interest rate policy (ZIRP). Further, ZIRP may not be optimal under these circumstances. A Taylor-rule central banker could be subject to a ZIRP trap and persistently undershoot target inflation. As well, a liquidity premium on government debt creates additional Taylor rule perils, because of a persistently low real interest rate. We make a case that this is the key policy predicament currently faced by many central banks in the world.