National Income Accounting and Public Policy

Modern national income accounting was designed in the early 20th century for the purpose of providing improved indicators about the performance of the economy so that government policy makers could better control the economy. The way that performance is measured affects the types of policies used to try to accomplish policy goals. Two attributes of national income accounting are analyzed for their effects on economic policy. First, government production is included in the national income accounts at cost, rather than at market value as private sector output is measured. This biases policy toward a larger public sector. Second, output is measured as a homogeneous dollar amount. This biases policy toward focusing on increasing quantities of inputs and outputs in the production process, rather than on innovation and entrepreneurship, which are the true engines of economic progress. Economic policy could be improved by focusing less on national income as an indicator of policy, and more on the underlying processes that foster economic progress.     

孤东油田水平井打捞优化技术

长期以来,孤东由于水平井特殊的井身结构,作业打捞井下落物这个"疑难杂症"一直被视为作业施工中难啃的硬骨头,水平井水平段内的落鱼打捞(特别是滤砂管打捞)作业是一个难题,由于造斜段的原因,井口上提力、扭矩等无法全部传递到井下水平段内,因此常规打捞措施无法实施。为了突破水平井作业施工中的"瓶颈",从现场出发,对水平井管柱受力及打捞难点进行分析,对打捞工具选择、工具尺寸进行优化,管柱进行了优选,满足现场打捞需要。     

重构流通经济学:基于商务经济学的视角

流通经济学研究的贫困问题不容忽视。主要原因在于学科的基本概念模糊、学科定位不准、没有一个科学的研究范式。但是,流通经济学贫困不能否定流通经济学科的存在。构建商务经济学是解决流通经济学贫困的出路,因为它拓宽了流通经济学的研究领域和研究空间,使得流通、贸易、商业等术语使用混乱的状况得到改善。商务经济学可以加速内外贸学科一体化,突出电子商务的作用。     

金融中心评价指标体系研究

本文在综述国内外关于金融中心评价指标体系的基础上，分析了影响金融中心形成和运行的因素，依据国际金融中心的形成和运行具有较高相关度的原则，构建了包括经济环境、金融市场、金融机构和金融制度四方面内容的评价指标体系，利用2004年东京、新加坡、香港、北京、上海、广州和深圳七个城市的数据，依据层次聚类分析方法对这些城市所处的层次进行定位：北京、广州和深圳成为一类，为金融中心的初级阶段；上海成为第二类，为国内金融中心阶段；香港和新加坡成为一类，是区域国际金融中心；东京处于最高阶段．是真正的国际金融中心。最后对这些城市的发展前景进行了预测。     

A Model of the Representation of Interests in a Compound Democracy

This paper provides a model of democratic government as a compound of independent elective and non elective centers of power that compete in fostering the demands of voters and of interest groups. The analysis describes how interests of voters and of pressure groups are represented and under what conditions the compound democracy is more responsive to voters' or to interest groups' demands. These conditions are shown to depend on the center of power's relative opportunity costs at serving a plurality of interests and on the severeness of informational asymmetries between voters and interest groups.     

2014年法国科研经费注重扶持战略性产业

法国经济目前仍然处在停滞不前的阶段,失业率高企、家庭购买力下降。法国2014年预算法案已讨论通过,主要在增收减支的基础上力求缩减赤字,促进经济增长,扩大就业。2014年,法国科研经费保证基础研究与应用研究均衡发展,重点扶持国家战略性产业发展,其涉及的领域包括:生态与能源转换、工业振兴、数字化经济、大学研究、卫生、航空与航天、青年-培训与国家现代化及国际工业新技术等。对2014年法国科研计划体系建设、经费管理、立项管理、申报程序及项目管理等进行了介绍,该计划优先支持基础研究,推动基础研究与技术研究均衡发展,支持国家战略性产业抢占制高点。     

An empirical investigation of organizational memetic variation

The potential of a theory based on organizational memes in coevolution with the environment has been postulated, but remains empirically under-developed. This study explores whether understanding organizational memetic variation is empirically possible and, if so, whether it might, with further development, provide managers with early indications of a misalignment between organizational action (operationalized as memetic variation) and strategic intent—the amount of memetic variation needed to stay aligned with the competitive environment. A method for empirically identifying knowledge-based memes in everyday practice is developed. It stems from modern advances in genetics allowing micro-level changes in genes to be linked to macro-environmental dynamics. Using the concept that memetic variation is caused by everyday, uncontrollable uncertainties of interpretation, memetic variation is reduced to seven categorical types. A highly exploratory quasi-experimental design allows a preliminary comparison of a would-be innovative ‘Portfolio Management Committee’ with self-organizing Internet chat-room settings that are representational of open-source innovation. Results are consistent with predictions showing that higher levels of variation are seen in the latter, despite the former’s strategic intent of innovating to stay aligned with a dynamic environment. Further work is needed, however, to test reliability and validity.      

加强企业财务管理的若干建议

随着现代企业制度的推行,企业财务管理成为企业管理的重要组成部分。企业财务管理直接关系到企业的生存与发展。在市场经济条件下,企业要生存、发展和盈利就必须建立现代企业制度,科学地进行资本运营,而这一切都需要强化财务管理。企业财务管理如何适应知识经济发展的要求,在管理目标、融资内容、资本结构、风险管理方法、财务分析以及分配方式等方面进行科学的调控,越来越引起企业的重视。     

关于普通高校毕业生就业问题的思考

近年来,党和政府出台各项政策,努力拓宽毕业生就业渠道,帮助大学生顺利就业。但是,目前普通高校大学生就业形势依然严峻。针对目前出现的各种情况,党和政府要加大支持力度,高校要继续推进高等教育改革,适应社会需求,毕业生要树立正确的就业观,积极提高自身就业竞争力,逐步走出目前就业难的困境。     

建设工程造价的计价程序与方法研究

目前,在国际工程造价管理中,普遍采用的计价方式是工程量清单计价模式,这种计价模式对控制项目的投资起到了很大的作用。文章对工程量清单项目的构成及建设工程造价的计价程序进行了分析,为建设工程造价管理工作提供借鉴。