我国自然资源行政许可之缺陷及其原因分析——一种法经济学视角

通过行政许可手段保护自然资源是目前各国通行的做法,它为自然资源开发利用负外部性过程中出现的市场失灵问题提供了重要的解决办法.但是,由于当前我国行政许可法律制度不完善,行政机关通过设定、实施自然资源行政许可创造寻租机会,与被许可人博弈、恶意串通等方式实现政府自身利益最大化,导致了政府配置自然资源的失灵.     

我国资源产权及制度安排思考

长期以来，我国国有资产管理的侧重点一直放在国有经营性资产上面，而对资源性资产和非经营性资产关注甚少。自然资源产权关系长期界定不清，产权制度安排不够合理，从而导致资源粗放经营、低效配置、资源质量下降、环境污染加剧等一系列负的外部效应发生，影响了资源的可持续利用。从资源保护的角度设置一个好的产权结构非常重要，加强对资源的产权关系及产权制度安排的研究也显得越来越必要，它关系到资源利用效率的高低和经济的可持续发展。     

自然垄断行业中的规制与竞争引入

在自然垄断产业中放松规制、引入竞争、产权私有已成为各国市场化改革的主导趋势,自然垄断产业多属于服务性行业,其生产过程同时就是用户的消费过程,因此改革必须慎重,必须保持服务的连续性和稳定性,产品价格、产品质量和产能分配不能变动太大,同时在改革过程中必须维护效率和公平。     

肥胖对健康的危害及运动减肥

文章介绍了肥胖产生的原因及对人体健康的危害,并阐述了如何通过有效的体育运动进行减肥。     

行政犯罪研究

行政犯罪的概念源于古罗马法中自然犯、法定犯概念,关于行政犯罪的性质在理论上有不同的观点。立足于我国立法和社会现状提出了以下观点:行政犯罪应当归属于行政法研究范畴;行政犯罪应当包括劳动教养行为、治安处罚行为及刑法中的轻微犯罪行为;行政犯罪应当承担行政刑法责任。     

自然资源型区域经济和福利协调发展的特点探索——中国榆林市与科威特经济、福利发展的比较

本文通过榆林市与科威特经济、福利发展的比较,探讨了自身资源型区域经济和福利协调发展的特点。就榆林市产业发展来看,目前的问题是中央与地方产权平衡与管理问题;中央对地方的环境补偿援助平衡问题;地方可持续发展经济激励问题;地方群众“根”文化教育与崛起问题。     

突发公共卫生事件的 应急医疗资源配置研究——基于网格化管理和大数据平台

应急医疗资源是应对突发公共卫生事件最重要的物质基础和保障。在对前人研究进行总结的基础上,分析了目前我国在突发公共卫生事件时应急医疗资源调配机制的不足和网格化管理应用到资源配置中的可行性和优越性,以此将大数据平台和网格化管理模式引入到应急医疗资源的配置研究中。在对应急医疗资源的配置过程进行网格化模型设计的基础上,根据我国应急医疗资源配置的需要和特点,确定了网格系统中的基本单元,即网格划分,并选择五层沙漏模型作为突发公共卫生事件时应急医疗资源配置的网格模型架构,以期完善我国的应急资源管理体系,进一步提高我国在突发公共卫生事件时应急医疗资源的调配和管理水平。     

普惠型医疗保险发展:实践困境与优化方向

近年来,普惠型医疗保险成为多层次医疗保障体系发展的一大热点。文章首先介绍了中国普惠型医疗保险的发展现状及主要特点,其次通过对国内部分保险公司线上及线下调研,发现当前普惠型医疗保险发展面临配套法律法规有待健全、市场认可度普遍偏低、可持续经营能力不强、保险效果低水平重复、相关主体联动不足等困境。进一步分析美国、英国、德国、新加坡相关经验,提出具体的优化路径:以优化顶层设计为立足点,提高保险规制水平;以强化市场环境建设为切入点,提升市场认可度;以优化运行模式为突破点,激发保险生命力;以设计差异化产品为关键点,强化保险增补性;以建立联通机制为动力点,提高相关主体协同度。     

Mortality,Human Capital and Persistent Inequality

Available evidence suggests high intergenerational correlation of economic status and persistent disparities in health status between the rich and the poor. This paper proposes a mechanism linking the two. We introduce health capital into a two-period overlapping generations model. Private health investment improves the probability of surviving from the first period of life to the next and, along with education, enhances an individual’s labor productivity. Poorer parents are of poor health, unable to invest much in reducing mortality risk and improving their human capital. Consequently, they leave less for their progeny. Despite convex preferences and technologies, initial differences in economic and health status may perpetuate across generations when annuities markets are imperfect.Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation.     

Altruism and the Economic Values of Environmental and Social Policies

Altruism is a type of non-use value which can have different definitions depending on the type of goods entering the utility function of the altruists and their expectations about the contributions of others. The purpose of this paper is to measure the trade-offs between different types of altruist values originating from social and environmental policies. Environmental policies are concerned with reducing health effects from a power plant while social policies involve both the attainment of public facilities for education and leisure and an increase in the income of the affected population. The empirical application utilizes a choice experiment technique which allows for valuation of multiple goods. Health effects are decomposed into the values of the risk of becoming ill, the duration of the episodes and the limitations imposed by illness. Altruist values are elicited from a population that is not affected by pollution. Results show that altruism is significant for policies directed to reducing health effects and improving the income level of the affected population, whereas there is egoism for a policy aimed at improving public facilities in the polluted suburb. The value of altruism is significantly influenced by the expectations of net benefits to be received by the affected population.