石油储量价值评价中运销成本级差模型的设计与检验

对石油资源价值评价中的4个成本因素之一——运销成本级差因素进行了讨论。文中分析了运销成本级差因素的组成因子之后．建立对之进行测算的数学模型，并就两个油田的实测数据给出了计算结果。     

Anthropogenic and topographic correlates of natural vegetation cover within agricultural landscape mosaics in Turkey

Natural vegetation enhances the value of agricultural landscapes for people and wildlife. However, the role of anthropogenic versus topographic factors in driving the extent of natural vegetation cover within agricultural lands at large spatial scales remains unexplored. I assessed the influence of anthropogenic and topographic variables on the extent of agricultural mosaics with high natural vegetation cover in the country of Turkey where a large extent of natural and semi-natural vegetation is maintained by traditional agriculture. GIS layers depicting human land use, elevation, slope, roads and population data were obtained and summarized at two spatial scales, within provinces and for 100 km² grid cells covering the country’s entire agricultural land area. Average farm size was also obtained at province level. Hierarchical Partitioning was conducted to determine the independent effect of anthropogenic and topographic variables on the variation in agriculture with high natural vegetation. Slope had the largest independent effect on the variation in the proportion of agricultural mosaic with high natural vegetation cover. The extent of agricultural and settlement area also explained much of the variation in natural vegetation across both grid cells and provinces. The proportion of natural vegetation increased as human population and road density decreased across grid cells and as average farm size decreased across provinces. These results suggest that while topography is the primary driver of natural vegetation cover within agricultural mosaics in Turkey, the pressures associated with urban development and agricultural industrialization may also influence the cultural and wildlife value of agricultural landscapes.     

Co-ordination of land exploitation,exploitable farmland reserves and national planning in China

Land exploitation, as an important strategy to mitigate farmland loss and stabilize grain production, has been adopted to compensate farmland loss due to rapid urbanization in China. Bounded by the limited capacity and obvious spatial variations of national farmland reserves, it is essential to arrange land exploitation activities timely and reasonably. In this study, we propose an indicator for the status of regional land exploitation, the Exploitation Degree, to facilitate an overview of land exploitation programs in China at both provincial and prefectural levels based on project data from 2006 to 2012. To further our understanding of the regional features of land exploitation activities, we employ the Lasso model to identify and quantitatively assess influencing factors on land exploitation. Our study shows that: (1) contemporary land exploitation practices in China are significantly inconsistent across exploitable farmland reserves. Some areas are greatly over-exploited and such irrational land exploitation has been persistent; (2) related national land plans designed to guide land exploitation efforts centered on resource-rich regions and critical areas do not function as intended. Therefore, we suggest that China⿿s land exploitation policy shall be improved by reconsidering the orientation of land exploitation policy, coordinating land exploitation activities with productivity improvements and eco-system protection, and enhancing the power and scope of the plans in controlling and guiding land resource management.     

Tourism,changing architectural styles,and the production of place in Itacaré, Bahia,Brazil

This article examines changing architecture in Itacaré, Brazil, as it transitions from a fishing village to an international tourist destination. Tourism, as an assemblage of practices and perspectives, recreates places in specific ways that structure social and environmental relationships. Through an examination of historical architectural styles, tourist architecture, and popular architecture in Itacaré, this article analyses the ways a tourist economy has physically and socially rebuilt the city. Socially, the changing architecture marks and creates differences between class, racial, and regional identities while also providing an idiom through which public conversations about these changing economic systems and demographics are articulated. At the same time, the expansion of the city has led to racial-, regional-, and class-based segregation. Environmentally, tourist architecture creates new relationships to nature through re-imagining Itacaré’s position in relation to other rural and urban places and a new emphasis on the aesthetic value of nature.     

Evolutionary and socio-cultural influences on feelings and attitudes towards nature: a cross-cultural study

Mounting environmental issues have prompted reconsideration of the human–nature relationship. Accordingly, attitudes to nature, as an important dimension of human–nature interactions, have become a research focus. How feelings and attitudes towards nature are influenced by evolutionary and social-cultural constructions, and whether there is variation between different cultural groups, demands more attention. Using a survey of visitors to two very different National Parks, the New Forest National Park, England and Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area, China, this paper shows that of nationality and living environment, differences between the two nationalities were significant in respect of both attitudes and feelings. Specifically, it demonstrates that the biophilia thesis, which purports that people have an innate and a genetically inherited need for affiliation with nature, is influenced by their socio-cultural environment, in particular their national culture, but also by their current living place. The study contributes to our understanding of sustainable tourism in natural areas.     

高校研究生党员的先进性和纯洁性教育研究

保持党的先进性和纯洁性,是我党建设的内在要求,是马克思主义政党的本质属性。高校研究生党员保持党的先进性和纯洁性对党和国家事业的发展具有深远的意义,是历史发展的要求,是时代发展的要求。文章首先界定了研究生党员先进性和纯洁性的基本内容;其次,对高校研究生党员先进性和纯洁性教育研究的现状以及存在的问题进行了分析;最后,针对高校研究生党员先进性和纯洁性教育中存在的问题提出有效的建议和措施。     

孔子人性论浅探

孔子虽然没有像孟子和苟子等人一样明确地提出人性论，但是却有许多直接和间接关于人性的论述。孔子的人性论从人情出发，对人性的弱点有着独到的观察，注重人性的经验论考察，充满人性关怀。孔子的人性论对当今社会治理仍有积极的借鉴意义。     

《野草在唱歌》的生态女性主义解读

多丽丝·莱辛的处女作《野草在唱歌》不仅展现了男权社会中女性和其他弱势群体的生存状态，而且还饱含作者对自然与人类间关系的深刻思考。《野草在唱歌》是从角色的共性、地位的共性、生态女性主义的终极关怀这三个角度来体现生态女性主义的。     

基于Q币的网络虚拟币属性与影响分析

Q币目前并不是货币,但具有一定的货币属性与功能,如有限度的流通性,相对的价值尺度职能,一定程度的支付手段等。就Q币的特征而言,Q币与法定货币之间存在着很大的差异,Q币不能代替人民币的作用。但虚拟币的无限创造能力成为潜在的不稳定因素,中央银行难以有效控制货币供给,可能危及我国的金融安全。我国应严厉打击倒卖Q币的行为,加强对Q币等网络虚拟币的金融监管,建立更安全便捷的支付渠道。     

物质生态批评视角下《瓦尔登湖》再解读

亨利·戴维·梭罗是美国最伟大的自然散文作家和环境主义先驱。《瓦尔登湖》是梭罗所著的一本著名的散文集。在该作品中，非人类自然的施事能力和叙事能力得到了充分体现。梭罗在肯定非人类自然与人类具有平等地位的同时，看到了其施事能力带来的影响，读懂了其叙事语言，从而向我们展示了非人类自然通过何种途径显示自身在大自然中不可替代的地位。