推进城镇居民社会养老保险制度建设的要点与要领

城镇居民社会养老保险制度的实施具有重大意义。该制度具有广覆盖、自愿参保、政府推进等特点。办好城镇居民社会养老保险应注意：实现养老保险制度的统一性和公平性;增强制度激励,尽快从“制度全覆盖”走到“人群全覆盖”;确保筹资足额到位;处理好制度间的衔接转换问题;确保基金的保值增值。     

植被盖度与地表亮温关系的遥感监测分析  ———以北京市昌平区为例

该文以北京市昌平区为研究区域,利用3期不同时间Landsat TM遥感影像,沿着13条不同海拔高度等高线构建特征剖面,提取了研究区不同海拔高度上地表亮度温度、植被指数和植被覆盖度数据,分析了其时空变化特征。结果发现,植被覆盖度和亮度温度的关系随着海拔高度及时间变化而呈现一定变化规律。在区域尺度内,随着海拔高度上升,植被覆盖度和亮度温度呈负相关关系。去除海拔因素的影响,在同一海拔高度时,大部分情况下,植被覆盖度与亮度温度两者呈负相关关系,某些条件下,两者可呈正相关关系。     

Exploring the impacts of land use by service coverage and station-level accessibility on rail transit ridership

In this study, we employ spatial regression analysis to empirically investigate the impacts of land use, rail service coverage, and rail station accessibility on rail transit ridership in the city of Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan region. Our analyses suggest that a rail transit service coverage boundary of 500 m provides the best fit for estimating rail transit ridership levels. With regard to land use, our results confirm that density is positively related to rail transit ridership within a 750 m radius of each station. In contrast, land use diversity is not associated with rail transit ridership. We also found that station-level accessibility is as important as land use for explaining rail transit ridership levels. Finally, we conclude that development density and station-level accessibility measures such as the number of station entrances or exits and the number of bus routes at the station are the most important and consistent factors for promoting rail transit ridership.     

Challenges in service network expansion: An application in donated breastmilk banking in South Africa

Neonatal infections are the leading cause for neonatal deaths in developing countries, resulting in more than 1.5 million infant fatalities annually. The most effective prevention against neonatal infections is exclusive breastfeeding. However, reasons such as maternal death during birth, maternal illnesses such as HIV and TB-meningitis, and lack of rooming-in facilities prevent the infant to be breastfed by his/her mother. One way to mitigate these infections is by supplying pasteurized donor-expressed breastmilk. In this paper, we consider the network expansion of the donated breastmilk distribution supply chain in South Africa. As with the distribution of most public sector and humanitarian relief goods and services, the transportation of donated breastmilk is hampered by the inherent uncertainty in the environment, and by the fact that in addition to efficient usage of resources, distribution should be made in an equitable manner. We incorporate uncertainty into our models by means of multiple scenarios, which are determined based on different assumptions about population size, HIV prevalence, and status of public health in the country, income, and education. We consider various equity-based objectives and propose rounding-based heuristics to solve these. We focus on two delivery schemes; one which uses out-and-back transportation, and one that makes multiple stops on the delivery route. Using computational experiments, we analyze the trade-offs between the objectives as well as the effects of various public health policies, network expansion budget, and assumptions on supply and demand. We also describe the teaching materials resulting from this paper, which include a case study, a supply/demand estimation tool, and an interactive decision support tool.     

建设深圳iDEN数字集群专网一期工程的无线覆盖预测

iDEN是数字集群通信系统，属蜂窝通信体制，测算好其无线覆盖，对完成通信网规划和保证通信质量至关重要。本文给出深圳iDEN数字集群专网无线覆盖的预测，对同类通信网建设与工程规划有参考价值。     

高管正向外部薪酬差距对企业R&D国际化覆盖国家差别化的影响

以2009—2018年中国沪深两市开展R&D国际化的上市公司为样本,探讨了高管正向外部薪酬差距如何影响企业R&D国际化覆盖国家的差别化问题,同时还检验了高管海外经历以及政府补助这两个内外部的影响因素对上述关系的调节作用。研究发现,高管外部薪酬高于行业平均水平时,该薪酬差距越大,企业更偏向于在科技发达国家进行R&D国际化;高管海外经历和剔除与科技创新无关部分的政府补助均对上述关系起到正向调节作用。     

Making the news: Heterogeneous media coverage and corporate litigation

Research summary: This study explores how relative prominence shapes rivalry between firms. Corporate litigation, an increasingly costly domain of interfirm rivalry, is threatening not just because of the immediate legal stakes but because of the indirect losses that unwanted negative publicity inflicts on defendants. I argue that potential defendants' incentives to avoid such losses create a source of value that firms can capture by agreeing to forgo litigation. The more prominent a firm is relative to rivals, the greater its threat and the more value it stands to capture from potential targets by sparing them from litigation. Managerial summary: The power to attract media attention can be valuable to firms beyond its role in managing relations with investors or the public. It can also provide leverage against industry rivals. Being sued by a prominent firm carries the threat of potential damaging publicity, especially for lesser‐known rivals. Firms may be able to leverage this threat to elicit concessions in return for sparing rivals from litigation. Prominent firms stand to benefit not just from eliciting concessions from rivals but from the ability to do so while avoiding costly litigation. Data from the semiconductor industry show that firms that command much higher levels of media coverage than rivals are able to avoid litigation more often than firms with comparable or lower levels of media coverage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

住房公积金制度参缴影响因素分析及改革路径选择

进一步扩大住房公积金的覆盖率,将灵活就业人员等纳入住房公积金制度,是近年来国家致力于提高住房公积金制度参保率以提升制度保障力度的重要措施。然而,规定可纳入住房公积金制度的新增群体在实施过程中是否真的愿意参与进来?住房公积金制度扩面是否能顺利推进?仍需进一步探讨与研究。在住房公积金资金积累规模不断扩大且增速加快的发展进程中,采用二元logistic回归模型对住房公积金制度参缴意愿及影响因素进行分析,提出扩大住房公积金制度实际覆盖率,增加制度公平性的对策与建议。     

Survey Under‐Coverage of Top Incomes and Estimation of Inequality: What is the Role of the UK's SPI Adjustment?

Survey under‐coverage of top incomes leads to bias in survey‐based estimates of overall income inequality. Using income tax record data in combination with survey data is a potential approach to address the problem; we consider here the UK's pioneering ‘SPI adjustment’ method that implements this idea. Since 1992, the principal income distribution series (reported annually in Households Below Average Income) has been based on household survey data in which the incomes of a small number of ‘very rich’ individuals are adjusted using information from ‘very rich’ individuals in personal income tax return data. We explain what the procedure involves, reveal the extent to which it addresses survey under‐coverage of top incomes and show how it affects estimates of overall income inequality. More generally, we assess whether the SPI adjustment is fit for purpose and consider whether variants of it could be employed by other countries.     

我国基本养老保险扩面的收入分配效应研究

文章基于一般均衡分析框架,通过构建“统账结合”制基本养老保险的异质性跨期交叠一般均衡动态模型,引入国发〔2005〕38号文的主要内容,利用政策仿真、参数估值和敏感性检验等方法,重点研究了养老保险制度覆盖面扩展的收入分配和再分配效应,并进行了理论推导和实证测算。结果发现：（1）我国基本养老保险扩面具有明显的收入分配和再分配效应,且再分配效应是累进的,发生了从城镇企业职工为代表的高收入者向以灵活就业人员和农民工为代表的低收入者的收入转移;（2）个人账户发挥了平滑作用,有利于改善不同类型劳动者终生的收入分配,但不利于收入再分配的改善;（3）社会统筹账户具有较强的收入再分配效应,有利于改善不同类型劳动者的收入再分配,缩小收入差距。参数敏感性检验表明结论是稳健的。因此,进一步优化社会统筹账户有利于减小收入不平等。