Ecological tourism in the state image policy structure. Experience and problems of modern Russia

The article deals with the problems of ecological tourism in Russia. The authors give various approaches to the understanding of ecological tourism in modern science, analyse the reasons of interest in this kind of tourism, consider its types and identify specific features. The article provides an overview of the main regions and countries where ecological tourism is developed at a high level and considers some national policy models in the field of ecological tourism. Specific attention is paid to the analysis of the development of ecological tourism in Russia and its current status; the examples of different programmes aiming at support of ecological tourism are given. Specific impetus is given to Russia's resources for the development of ecological tourism, for example, natural landscapes, national parks and nature heritage sites. The authors explore the main challenges to ecological tourism in Russia, identify factors that hinder its development and suggest measures to improve the ecological tourism in the Russian Federation. The authors focus on the projects that promote the improvement of Russia's image as an eco-touristic destination. The authors pay specific attention to the analysis of international cooperation in this field. The article discusses various projects carried out within the framework of bilateral cooperation. The article discusses the role of ecological tourism as a tool for image policy. The article analyses in detail which elements of the Russian image are under the influence of ecological tourism and what are the future prospects of ecological tourism.     

作业成本法在我国制造企业的应用研究

成本是衡量企业竞争力的首要因素,也是提高企业管理水平的永恒主题,有效控制成本,降低企业成本是增强企业竞争力和活力的重要措施。本文重点引入在成本管理领域日益普及的“作业成本法”,在阐述作业成本法计算原理及过程的基础上,结合其在我国制造企业的具体运用,进一步解析了传统成本管理方法下对于产品实际成本分配归集不当的原因。     

信息工程中主题数据库的规划与设计

主题数据库是信息化建设的重要内容之一;首先,运用数学的语言对主题数据库的规划进行了描述;然后介绍如何通过计算信息系统中各个实体间的相关系数来进行主题数据库的规划;最后,提供了用全域系统体系C—U矩阵和主题数据库的质量评估函数对规划出来的主题数据库进行评估的方法。     

浅论适合国情的企业内部控制框架

本文运用美国COSO委员会提出的《内部控制———整体框架》的基本理论,从五个方面重点阐述构建适合我国国情的企业内部控制框架,即:(1)完善企业的控制环境;(2)进行全面的风险评估、防范和控制;(3)设立良好的控制活动;(4)加强信息流动与沟通;(5)强化企业内部监督。     

Profit sharing and strike activity in Cournot oligopoly

Within an incomplete-information framework, we develop a model of wage determination in a unionized Cournot oligopoly. The assumption of incomplete information allows the possibility of strikes or lockouts, which waste industry potential resources, at equilibrium. Facing such deadweight loss, the government or the social planner may decide to adopt a policy, such as a profit-sharing scheme. Under two different bargaining structures (firm level vs. industry level), we investigate the effects of adopting profit sharing on the wage outcome and the strike activity. If the base-wage bargaining takes place at the industry level, then the introduction of a profit-sharing scheme increases the strike activity. But if the base-wage bargaining takes place at the firm level and the number of firms in the industry is greater than two, then the introduction of a profit-sharing scheme reduces the strike activity.     

大连城市居民周末休闲时间的利用特征

本文利用大连居民日常生活行为调查的结果,在比较居民工作日与周末休闲活动的基本特征基础上,从个人属性、社会属性和空间属性角度,对大连市居民周末休闲特征进行了较为详细的分析。分析中对居民社会属性与其休闲时间利用─—尤其是活动方式的选择──进行了相关分析,并引入时间地理学方法描画了居民周末活动路径,为城市休闲规划提供了基础知识。     

人类活动对滇西临沧地区野生动物资源的影响

本文指出了滇西临沧地区野生动物资源的现状和特点：①野生动物数量下降、大型动物数量减少或灭迹,富有热带特色物种种群数量减少,群居动物个体数量下降;②国家重点保护动物数量回升,非重点保护动物特别是经济动物数量不断减少;③小型有害动物数量增加,致害加剧;④动物的数量变化与生态景观类型的关系密切。分析了造成以上变化的原因：①人口增加,人类活动加剧;②无限制的开发,特别是热带河谷地区的开发,破坏了野生动物栖息地,栖息地片断化严重;③森林的质量降低;④家畜的数量迅猛增加及落后的放牧方式,与野生动物争夺栖息地及食物;⑤过渡捕猎或不正当的捕猎方式,使野生动物资源遭受破坏;⑥环境污染祸及野生动物     

Destination environment quality and tourists' spatial behaviour in Nigeria: a case study of third world tropical Africa

In order to ascertain important features of tourist behaviour and destination environments that could form the basis for destination quality improvement in Nigeria, 376 tourists were randomly sampled from seven tourism destinations, using a simple rating scheme in a questionnaire survey. Results obtained showed that activities involving leisure/recreation, cultural appreciation and appreciation of nature, history and cultural artifacts were dominant experiences, values and motivation for destination visit. Results also showed variations in quality of environmental features between tourists in various destinations and between foreign and domestic tourists in their spatial behaviour, values and motivations. The study provides unique implications for tourism planning management and marketing, and a context for cross‐cultural comparison with similar western studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

出口企业反倾销中非市场经济地位问题应对策略

2009年,欧美等国对我国进行多起反倾销、反补贴调查,严重影响我国出口企业经济恢复和发展。非市场经济地位问题是影响反倾销诉讼成败的关键因素之一。本方试阐述我国被认定为非市场经济国家法律依据;挖掘反倾销中非市场经济地位理论缺欠;提出解决非市场经济地位问题措施和建议。     

全球烟草管制与跨国公司的游说活动

各国对烟草业的管制都经历了对烟草危害性的逐步认识过程。跨国烟草公司为了维护其商业利益和优势,不断游说各国政府以影响其控烟政策的实施。近年来,烟草业管制出现的新趋势使跨国烟草公司感受到了巨大的压力,不得不另辟财源以降低烟草经营的风险。