South Africa's economics of education: A stocktaking and an agenda for the way forward

This paper reviews some of the existing economics of education literature from the perspective of South Africa's education policymaking needs. It also puts forward a suggested research agenda for future work. The review is arranged according to five areas of research: rates of return, production functions, teacher incentives, benefit incidence analysis and cross-country comparisons. Production functions, especially if translated to cost-effectiveness models, can point to important policy solutions. Teacher incentives is a policy area that is in need of a better theoretical and empirical basis. Rates of return are difficult for policymakers to interpret, but suggest a need for a qualification below the Grade 12 level. While benefit incidence analysis can demonstrate large improvements in the equity of public financing, cross-country comparisons reveal that not only is the distribution of schooling outcomes particularly unequal, on average it is well below what the country's level of development would predict.     

浅谈我国生态物流的效益分析

随着全球一体化进程的加快,资源的稀缺性在世界范围蔓延。在物流领域,人们迫于寻找一种新型的资源利用和循环方式来解决这一难题。比较现存的5种循环型物流的本质、目标和内容,得出结论:生态物流是现代物流的较好选择,也是经济效益、社会效益和生态效益三目标的统一。本文建立了多目标的混合整数规划模型,在实际运用中帮助企业论证生态物流效益可行性。最后,提出我国发展生态物流的组织模式和网络结构的设想。     

试论刑事诉讼证明标准

刑事诉讼证明标准是刑事证据制度的核心问题,是用来规制和评价人们的诉讼证明活动的具体规格和尺度。我国现行的"客观真实"标准是辩证唯物主义认识论的具体体现,它的制定实施具有多方面的积极意义,但由于它的绝对确定的倾向性规定,所以也产生了诸多弊端。因此,要制定适应我国国情刑事诉讼证明标准,必须在坚持"客观真实"标准的同时,辅之以"法律真实"标准。     

Non-convex Technologies and Cost Functions: Definitions,Duality and Nonparametric Tests of Convexity

This contribution is the first systematic attempt to develop a series of nonparametric, deterministic technologies and cost functions without maintaining convexity. Specifically, we introduce returns to scale assumptions into an existing non-convex technology and, dual to these technologies, define non-convex cost functions that are never lower than their convex counterparts. Both non-convex technologies and cost functions (total, ray-average and marginal) are characterized by closed form expressions. Furthermore, a local duality result is established between a local cost function and the input distance function. Finally, nonparametric goodness-of-fit tests for convexity are developed as a first step towards making it a statistically testable hypothesis. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Discounting long run average growth in stochastic dynamic programs

Summary. Finding solutions to the Bellman equation often relies on restrictive boundedness assumptions. In this paper we develop a method of proof that allows to dispense with the assumption that returns are bounded from above. In applications our assumptions only imply that long run average (expected) growth is sufficiently discounted, in sharp contrast with classical assumptions either absolutely bounding growth or bounding each period (instead of long run) maximum (instead of average) growth. We discuss our work in relation to the literature and provide several examples. Received: July 26, 2000; revised version: July 10, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" I am specially grateful to Cuong Le Van and to anonymous referee for detecting an error in a previous version of this paper and for suggestions that sensibly improved the paper. Comments and suggestions are also acknowledged to Michele Boldrin, Raouf Boucekkine, Fabrice Collard, Tim Kehoe, Omar Licandro, and Luis Puch. I am also indebted to participants to the III Summer School on Economic Theory held at the Universidade de Vigo, the Macroeconomics Workshop at the Universitat Autò}noma de Barcelona, and the Econometrics Seminar at Tilburg University. Financial support from the Belgian government, under project PAI P4/01, at the IRES-UCL, from a European Marie Curie fellowship, Grant HPMF-CT-1999-00410, at the CEPREMAP, and from IVIE and Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología and FEDER, under project BEC2001-0535, at the Universidad de Alicante, is gratefully acknowledged.     

试析金融自由化的前提条件

一国金融自由化改革的成功一般应具备四个条件,即稳定的宏观经济环境、金融脆弱性的及时消除、审慎而有效的金融监管以及必要的制度环境建设。这些条件经过各国的实践检验,具有一定的合理性和普遍性。但进行金融自由化改革的前提条件并不绝对,更重要的是应该从本国国情出发,具体情况具体对待,不宜盲目模仿他国。     

浅析广告英语中的模糊限制语及语用功能

本文对广告中的模糊限制语的语用功能进行了分析，发现在广告中，模糊限制语可以起强调作用，增强广告的精确性，保护广告人和消费者的面子，并能实现其礼貌功能。研究与分析模糊限制语在英语商业广告中的语用功能具有一定的现实意义。     

论企业和职业教育与培训的关系

一个时期以来,企业和职业教育与培训一直是人们关注的焦点,本文对这个问题的由来、培训方式和目标、课程设置进行了理论方面的探讨,并提出了相应的对策。     

Micro-foundation for a constant elasticity of substitution production function through mechanization

We consider an increase in the range of capital use as a form of mechanization. A constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is dynamically derived from Leontief production functions through the endogenous complementary relationship between capital accumulation and mechanization. This implies that a CES production function can be resolved into technological change that does not involve changes in total factor productivity. Furthermore, using the normalizing procedure of the CES production function developed by de La Grandville [de La Grandville, O., 1989. In quest of the Slutsky diamond. American Economic Review 79, 468–481], we investigate how mechanization is related to the elasticity of substitution in our endogenous growth model.