Do liberal trade policies promote trade openness?

Although trade liberalization and trade openness are assumed to be strongly associated with each other and often used interchangeably, the empirical evidence has not been forthcoming. This article is an attempt to fill this gap. By investigating the link between trade openness and trade restrictions, it argues that while a negative link between various types of trade restrictions and trade openness is evident, the relationship is weak, statistically not always significant and there is no clear evidence that the removal of trade restrictions (trade‐liberalization) invariably leads to improved trade openness.     

经济开放度与区域经济增长关系的实证研究——基于福建省1981-2010年数据的计量检验

经济开发度是衡量一个国家或地区对外经济合作、参与国际分工的重要指标,对区域经济增长也有着一定程 度的影响.文章选取福建省1981-2010年的相关数据,通过数据的度量分析和实证检验,得出结论:经济开放度对福建区域经济增长有明显的促进作用.细化到二级指标,外贸依存度对福建区域经济增长有着显著的正向影响,而外资依存度的影响不明显;进一步细化到三级指标,只有出口依存度与福建区域经济增长有十分显著的正相关关系.文章在此基础上提出了相应的政策建议.     

Openness,Regional Trade Agreements and Growth: Evidence from Asia*

This paper assesses the relationship between regional trade agreements, trade integration and economic growth in 21 South and South‐East Asian countries over the period from 1980 to 2004. We aim to answer the following questions. First, how does the trade policy of a given country (and countries within the same region) affect a nation's domestic growth? Second, should developing economies in South and South‐East Asia engage in regional trade agreements (RTA) or move towards broad liberalization? Our results show that openness of either a single country or of its neighbors does not affect a nation's growth and that the impacts of RTA are unclear (if not detrimental to growth in some cases, once endogeneity is accounted for). Panel Granger‐causality tests running from openness to growth yield mixed results and some conclusions depend on the particular subsample under scrutiny.     

基于服务贸易开放度的中国服务贸易竞争力研究

服务贸易开放度对服务贸易竞争力存在物资资本积累效应、人力资本积累效应、技术外溢效应和门槛效应等四大作用机制。根据服务贸易开放度新指标和用综合指标法衡量的服务贸易竞争力指标,运用波特的"钻石模型"选取衡量影响服务贸易竞争力的因素变量,进行基于服务贸易开放度的中国服务贸易竞争力的实证研究表明,中国服务贸易开放度对服务贸易竞争力的提升具有积极的促进作用;人力资本、人均国民收入以及货物贸易发展水平等对服务贸易的竞争力有显著的影响,要提高我国的服务贸易竞争力,必须综合考虑上面各种因素。     

辽宁省对外开放度的测算与比较研究

对外开放度是衡量一个地区经济活跃程度的重要指标,也是一个地区经济发展水平的重要表征。本文利用相关数据,测算了辽宁省的贸易开放度、资本开放度、生产开放度和经济开放度指标。并通过与广东、上海、北京等发达省市及全国平均开放度水平的比较,分析了造成辽宁省对外开放度相对较低的主要原因,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Sudden stops, banking crises and investment collapses in emerging markets

We evaluate whether financial openness leaves emerging market economies vulnerable to the adverse effects of capital reversals (“sudden stops”) on domestic investment. We investigate this claim in a broad sample of emerging markets during the period 1976–2002. If the banking sector does not experience a systemic crisis, sudden stop events fail to have a significant impact on investment. Bank crises, on the other hand, have a significant negative effect on investment even in the absence of a contemporaneous sudden stop crisis. We also find that openness to capital flows worsens the adverse impact of banking crises on investment. Our results provide statistical support for the policy view that a strong banking sector which can withstand the negative fallout of capital flight is essential for countries that open their economies to international financial flows.     

The long-run determinants of inequality: What can we learn from top income data?

This paper studies determinants of income inequality using a newly assembled panel of 16 countries over the entire twentieth century. We focus on three groups of income earners: the rich (P99–100), the upper middle class (P90–99), and the rest of the population (P0–90). The results show that periods of high economic growth disproportionately increases the top percentile income share at the expense of the rest of the top decile. Financial development is also pro-rich and the outbreak of banking crises is associated with reduced income shares of the rich. Trade openness has no clear distributional impact (if anything openness reduces top shares). Government spending, however, is negative for the upper middle class and positive for the nine lowest deciles but does not seem to affect the rich. Finally, tax progressivity reduces top income shares and when accounting for real dynamic effects the impact can be important over time.     

全球经济衰退背景下的中印自由贸易区建设——基于实证的研究

中国和印度作为世界上最大的两个发展中国家,相互间经贸合作稳步推进,已互为对方的对外贸易、投资和经济交流的重要伙伴。在全球经济衰退的大背景下,"龙象"合作对包括两国和全球在内的三方都是有好处的。本文通过对双方经济开放度、贸易结合度、贸易竞争性与经济互补性、以及贸易量与GDP之间关系的实证研究,计算了GDP对贸易额的弹性系数,分析表明,中印两国构建自由贸易区不仅具有现实的政治经济基础,更是在日益恶化的世界经济环境下中印和世界的理性选择,只有中印两国携手,才可以稀释衰退的负面影响。     

对外开放与中国制造业区域集聚:机理分析与实证检验

本文在总揽国内外现有研究文献的基础上,对对外开放与制造业区域集聚的命题进行了系统梳理,鉴别出了对外开放促进制造业区域集聚的三个机制,分别为制度转型机制、技术溢出机制和基础设施机制,由此构建了一个机理系统。利用中国现实数据对上述机制进行的经验检验表明,对外开放主要通过制度转型机制和基础设施机制来对中国制造业区域集聚发生作用,技术溢出机制尚未显现。在此基础上的实验模拟显示,不同作用机制下,对外开放对不同地区制造业集聚的作用存在明显差异,而且这种差异随着对外开放度的提高呈现出发散态势。     

马克思分工理论引出的流通命题及其思考

马克思分工理论认为社会分工和企业内分工协同演进,社会化大生产产生了分工协调问题,而流通具有协调社会分工的重要功能。因此,流通效率的提高可以形成一个发达的现代流通体系,成为实现市场经济秩序和财富增长有机统一的载体。流通经济学的研究应以流通效率的提高为核心,寻求构筑现代流通体系的制度基础、技术基础、法律基础和道德基础,联系生产组织和消费行为的结构性变化分析流通组织的演变机理,探索社会分工协调的自循环实现机制。并且,流通经济学的研究应结合中国转型和开放的双重背景,借鉴国际贸易理论的最新进展,探讨实践中出现的问题并提出相应的理论观点、分析结论和政策建议。