中国林业与绿色经济

在绿色经济的框架下简要回顾了我国林业的30年发展战略,分析了我国林业对绿色经济的贡献,指出了绿色经济将对我国林业带来的机遇与挑战,并提出了应对策略。认为,我国林业从国情、林情出发,坚持以生态建设为主的发展战略,壮大林业产业,坚持改革创新,使我国林业初步实现绿色转型,对绿色经济贡献显著;绿色经济将有利于增加林业投资,推动森林旅游、木质能源等新兴产业的发展,但我国在森林资源经营和管理、森林绿色核算等方面还不能达到绿色经济的要求。     

我国会计现行阶段中公允价值的运用

近年来,随着经济的发展,在我国会计准则逐渐与国际会计的趋同的背景下,我国会计事业得到了迅速的发展与更新.公允价值的引入,是我国会计事业发展中的一个里程碑事件,尤其是我国加入WTO以后,国际贸易的比重逐渐增加,公允价值的引入与应用更加成为了促进我国贸易发展的重要因素.本文就主要对现行阶段中公允价值的运用情况进行简单的分析.     

我国实现教育公平的几点思考

我国由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转型过程中,社会财富的分配方式发生了巨大变化,人与人之间在社会财富的占有量和占有方式等方面出现了一定差异,公平遂成为社会财富分配中的突出问题。教育亦是如此,近年来,教育公平引起了人们的极大关注。因此,就教育公平定义、理论研究和教育公平现状进行了相应的论述,并就教育公平的对策谈了设想。     

EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY: EAST VS. WEST GERMANY

The case of German reunification has been subject to extensive research on earnings inequality and labour market integration. However, little is known about the development of equality of opportunity (EOp) in East and West Germany after 1990. Using German micro data, we empirically analyse how circumstances beyond the sphere of individual control relate to inequality in East and West Germany. Our results show that EOp is larger in East than in West Germany. However, despite increasing income inequality, EOp remained surprisingly constant.     

Information and Knowledge as Antecedents of Consumer Attitudes and Intentions to Buy and Recommend Fair-Trade Products

The authors propose and empirically test a causal model to understand how the availability of fair-trade information and consumer knowledge about this issue affect consumers’ attitudes and intentions toward fair-trade products. The model is built upon the attitude-behavior paradigm and the premises of agency theory. It is tested through structural equation modeling with a sample of 292 Spanish consumers. The findings are that consumers do not have good knowledge about fair trade and that this is significantly determined by the lack of information about this in the market. It is also observed that consumers’ perceptions about the availability of fair-trade information have negative effects on their concern about this issue and that such information as is available is not effective in reducing consumer skepticism. The research represents an extension of previous fair-trade literature because the role of information and communication in improving consumer attitudes and buying intentions has rarely been explored in the case of ethical products.     

Weight Discrimination in the American Workplace: Ethical Issues and Analysis

Research providing consistent evidence of pervasive discrimination against overweight job applicants and employees in the American workplace raises important questions for organizational stakeholders. To what extent is the disparate treatment of job applicants or employees based on their weight ethically justified? Are there aspects of weight discrimination that make it more acceptable than discrimination based on other characteristics, such as race or gender? What operational steps can employers take to address concerns regarding the ethical treatment of overweight individuals in the workplace? This article investigates these and related questions. Its purpose is to provide information and analysis that will assist organizations in formulating ethical responses to a widespread phenomenon: weight discrimination in the workplace. Although its focus is the American workplace, the proposed employer ethical obligations and the practical guidance that is provided are viewed as generalizing across countries and cultures.     

基于农产品“最后一公里”流通模式的思考

为加快农产品流通、减少流通环节,降低农产品终端零售价格,解决"卖难买贵"的难题,最近各地推出了"平价商店"和"平价市场"两种新的农产品流通模式。在客观分析"平价商店"对抑制农产品价格效果的基础上,指出其存在的不足,并提出建立公益性农产品直销"零收费平价市场"流通模式的设想以及配套措施的建议。     

制度创新与广交会发展研究

广交会自1957年建成以来在各级领导关心下已经历了45年的发展壮大,取得了丰硕的成果,在国内外享有盛名。然而,由于其本身还存在不少缺陷,加之受到国内外展览业的强劲挑战,迫切要求加快广交会的改革。利用新制度经济学的基本原理,对广交会的内外环境作了详尽分析,认为广交会要保持领先地位,必须加强制度创新。     

国家所有权视角下的国有公司激励制度重构

国有公司的激励问题一直是我国国企改革的重点,但无论是历史的还是现实的激励模式,都游离了国家所有权公权的本质和私法行使的属性,因而不可能使激励机制发挥应有的作用。在剖析国家所有权属性的基础上,逻辑地推导出国有公司激励制度的价值取向——兼顾公平与效率,运用这一理论批判了现阶段国有公司主流的激励模式——年薪制和股票期权制,认为其不是解决国有公司激励问题的有效路径,进而提出"经济增加值(EVA)薪酬制"应成为我国国有公司激励的基本制度。     

Factors Influencing Organic and Fair Trade Coffee Growers Level of Engagement with Cooperatives: The Case of Coffee Farmers in Mexico

We study the factors influencing the percentage of organic and fair trade certified coffee sold through a cooperative by growers of five cooperatives in Mexico. The percentage of coffee sold through the cooperative was used as a proxy of growers’ engagement with a cooperative. Using factor analysis and a fractional probit regression, we evaluated the proposition that the level of engagement can be explained by transaction cost economics, social norms and connections, and farmer and farm business characteristics. We found that farm size, uncertainty regarding cooperative time of payment to the members and cooperative commitment on price to be paid negatively influence the level of engagement. In contrast, asset specificity, relational commitment, and price have a positive impact on engagement. Our results may help cooperatives and policy makers to build strategies aiming to increase this level of engagement. This is relevant because lower grower engagement has been found to be positively correlated with weak performing cooperatives.