集群创新平台战略导向，知识获取与集群企业创新研究

集群企业的创新离不开集群各个要素的共同参与,尤其是离不开作为集群知识提供的重要组织创新平台的支持。应用集群创新平台理论、企业知识管理理论和战略管理理论,建立了创新平台战略导向下的集群企业知识获取影响集群企业创新的模型。通过182个集群企业样本对提出的研究假设进行了检验。创新平台的不同导向对集群企业创新产生不同的影响,集群企业知识获取对集群企业创新产生正向影响,而知识获取模式的不同在创新平台两种战略导向与企业创新的关系中具有不同的中介效应。     

城市区域基本农田保护的思考与定位

加强城市区域的基本农田保护,合理利用每一寸土地,对维持耕地总量的动态平衡,促进城市的生态建设和持续发展都将产生深远的影响。在分析了当前我国城市基本农田保护所面临严峻的形势与压力的基础上,从优化土地利用、美化城市环境、促进产业发展等方面阐明了保护的意义和作用,并提出我国城市基本农田保护工作的定位和六点思考问题。     

生产者环境延伸责任立法及其完善

生产者延伸责任是环境法中的重要制度,其有利于促进废弃产品的回收和循环利用,有利于节约资源和生态环境的保护。我国现有生产者环境延伸责任虽有立法规定,但存在一些问题。生产者延伸责任立法应在既定价值取向的指引下进一步完善。     

The dramatic breakdown of the market orientation concept in the pharmaceutical industry: lessons from Vioxx

In this article we present an in-depth case study to better understand the underlying market orientation concept in relation to bringing new technologies to the marketplace. We use the case history of the anti-arthritis drug Vioxx, developed and marketed by the company Merck & Co. Inc that allegedly killed thousands of customers. The case shows how market orientation can take shape and how the key components may form an explosive cocktail prone to problematic behaviour rather than a synergistic set of orientations that creates value for customers. From the data covering 20 years, it is clear that a consumer orientation and competitor orientation, for example, are difficult to internalise and balance by employees. A competitive orientation seems to lead to tunnel vision regarding profit and market share outcomes. Implications for the fundamental market orientation concept, innovation management, together with management challenges are discussed.     

Managers’ exploration activities and individual unlearning: the mediating role of learning orientation and reflection

Abstract

The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of managers’ exploration activities on learning orientation, reflection, and unlearning of team members. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 115 employees in 23 teams from a Japanese pharmaceutical company. The results of multi-level analyses suggest that managers’ exploration activities had a direct influence on team members’ learning orientations, which subsequently had a positive influence on their unlearning, with and without the mediation of reflection. These findings suggest that a subordinate’s unlearning is driven by managers’ activities through motivational and cognitive processes. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

商业地产的定位流程与内容

文章认为商业地产的定位包括产品、主题形象、商业经营、目标市场等多方面的内容,需要结合当地市场特征、项目地块特征、商家及消费者的需求等,采用科学的流程与方法,才能具备较高的成功率。     

Who's the Boss at the Top? A Micro‐Level Analysis of Director Expertise,Status and Conformity Within Boards

In this paper we address how director expertise impacts a director's social status and conformity within the board. Our results, derived from two unique multi‐source datasets of peer ratings on director status and conformity of non‐executive directors from Dutch organizations, indicate that industry‐specific expertise and financial expertise differently impact directors’ social status and influence within the board. We find that directors’ individual performance orientation – the motivation to demonstrate expertise – acts as an important contingency for expertise to increase directors’ status within the board. Additional analyses using archival data and interviews with non‐executive directors substantiate our findings and provide additional insight into the dynamics operating within boards. This study extends existing research on boards of directors and provides unique micro‐level insights into the boardroom dynamics that connect director expertise to director status and conformity within boards.     

Is Competition Engaging? Examining the Interactive Effects of Goal Orientation and Competitive Work Environment on Engagement

Contemporary work environments are growing increasingly competitive. However, some employees may “fit” with such environments better than others. This study examined how the relationship between employees’ goal orientations (learning, proving, and avoidance) and engagement is influenced by the competitive environment of their workplace. By investigating the interactive effect of goal orientation and competitive work environment, this research expands our understanding of factors leading to engagement. We tested our model using a sample of 345 working adults from a variety of organizations across several different industries. Results indicate that learning goal orientation was positively related to engagement while avoidance goal orientation was negatively related to engagement. Competitive work environment (CWE) interacted with learning orientation and proving orientation to predict engagement. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our results for human resource management. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Commitment to Sustainability in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises: The Influence of Strategic Orientations and Management Values

Ecosystem degradation and social sustainability have become important issues in the corporate sphere during the last few decades. However, research discussing corporate social responsibility and related concepts has often focused on larger companies, sometimes neglecting the specifics of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between two common strategic orientations, market orientation (MO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO), in relation to sustainability commitment, sustainability practices and management values in SMEs. Questionnaire responses from 450 Swedish SMEs were analyzed, confirming the influence of MO, EO and sustainability practices on commitment to sustainability, implying that firms committed to sustainability see both market and entrepreneurial advantages of sustainability. The results also show that different parts of MO and EO differ in importance for commitment to sustainability among SMEs. Implications concern the importance for firms and policymakers to work with sustainability issues using both internal and external perspectives. © 2015 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd