风流闲雅《珠玉词》

晏殊《珠玉词》之艺术特色,前人公认为风流闲雅,这一风格的形成主要得益于清新淡雅的意象、华美明丽的色彩、珠圆玉润的声韵、和谐动听的词调。     

Long-Term Care Insurance and Life Insurance Demand

This article investigates the interaction between life insurance and long-term care insurance markets on the demand side. In the model utility depends on both consumption and bequest, and utility from consumption is contingent on the state of health. While the demand for life insurance increases both with decreasing income and with a rising degree of altruism, the influences of these two parameters on the demand for long-term care insurance are ambiguous. If the utility shock arising from disability declines, both insurance demands will rise.     

Performance of French intensive care units: A directional distance function approach at the patient level

By using a novel adaptation of the free-disposable hull analysis of productivity, we assess the medical and technical efficiency of patient care in 25 Parisian intensive care units (ICUs) during 2000. The robust free disposable hull (RFDH) as defined by [Cazals et al., 2002. Nonparametric frontier estimation: a robust approach. Journal of Econometrics 106, 1–25] reduces the impact outliers may have on findings by employing Monte-Carlo techniques and repeated sample selection. Among our key findings, there was no overall significant correlation between medical and technical efficiencies for all the ICUs, therefore performing well in one does not guarantee good performance in the other. We also found that over 80% of inefficiency is concentrated in less than 20% of the sampled patients.     

论历史教育的生命关怀意蕴

传统观点认为历史教育的价值在于总结经验教训，提供治国智慧，或者是以“人伦教化”来“化成天下”，历史的工具性和政治性得以最大限度地张扬，生命关怀却被严重地削弱和深度遮蔽。其实．历史教育的本真价值在于提升精神境界、凝聚意志力量，在历史熏陶中获得生命意识、情感慰藉和终极关怀，从而构建现代人的意义世界。所以，在大众文化急速转换的现代社会，彰显历史教育与生命教育的内在统一，寻求历史文化与精神家园的内在沟通，也是历史教育改革的发展方向。     

私人部门在满足医疗需求方面的作用（上）

本文就私人部门在满足医疗需求方面的作用进行分析,认为如果私人部门能够得到有效监管,并按照社会道德认同的方式进行运转,一国医疗体系就能够受益于私人部门。本部分探讨了医疗体系的基本功能及其目标,介绍了绝对平均主义、两阶层医疗体系和多阶层医疗体系三种分配医疗服务的观点,指出当前用货币价值衡量医疗产出价值是次优选择;而衡量医疗服务分配效率也存在争议。     

滨州市社会养老服务体系完善研究

滨州市人口老龄化形势非常严峻,为积极应对人口老龄化带来的压力和挑战,滨州市不断推进社会养老服务体系建设,在推行敬老院“一院两制”管理模式、发展社区村办独立型老年公寓、建立政府购买居家养老服务制度、推行“爱心时间银行”储蓄卡制度等方面取得了成功探索。为进一步推进滨州市社会养老服务体系建设,提出了鼓励社会力量兴办养老事业、加快完善养老服务机构建设、建立虚拟养老院、推行居家养老有偿服务等建议。     

黄山市城乡养老服务体系建设情况调研

21世纪的今天,发展已经成为时代的主题,随着经济与社会的快速发展,人口老龄化的步伐也随之加大。养老是民生之本,养老问题已成为政府和全社会关注的焦点,"十二五"规划提出要坚持把完善社会养老服务体系放在经济社会发展的优先位置,因此,应把城乡养老服务体系建设作为推动社会福利事业建设的重点。城乡养老服务体系建设在加强政府的主导作用同时要引导社会力量积极参与,实现城乡养老服务体系建设的科学发展。本文以黄山市为例,分析城乡养老服务体系建设实施的现状以及所面临的问题,并根据调查结果提出相关建议。     

Audit as Leviathan: Constructing Quality Registers in Swedish Health Care

This paper explores the rise of an audit practice: the national quality registers in Swedish health care. Based on actor‐network theory, the study tells the story of an actor‐network formed by physicians in the 1970s who mobilized themselves around a common object; to develop the knowledge‐base of medical professionals. However, over time more actors became persuaded of the potential of the network and associate themselves with it, resulting in reformed registers. The study shows how the network develops into a macro‐actor, a Leviathan in health care, how this macro‐actor comes to affect health care practices and how it contributes towards maintaining a new governance regime.     

Accounting and Medicine: An Exploratory Investigation into Physicians’ Attitudes Toward the Use of Standard Cost-Accounting Methods in Medicine

Research studies demonstrate wide variation in how physicians diagnose and treat patients with similar medical conditions and suggest that at least some of the variation reflects inefficiencies and unnecessary medical costs. Health care researchers are actively examining ways to reduce variations in practice through standardization of medicine to reduce the cost of treatment and ensure the quality of outcomes. The most widely accepted form of this standardization is Evidence Based Best Practices (EBBP). Furthermore, financial health care providers such as hospitals and managed care organizations are investigating methods to tie resource usage to medical protocols in their efforts to monitor and control health care costs. Such proposals are contentious because they report on physicians’ medical practice behaviors (such as the number of tests ordered, use of specific therapies, etc.) and such reports could potentially be used to influence their clinical behaviors. The intent of this exploratory study was to examine physicians’ perceptions about linking a standard costing system to EBBP guidelines. The authors interviewed nine practicing physicians asking each physician to respond to the question, ‘As a physician working in a hospital environment, what are your reactions to and concerns with combining standard costing techniques with EBBP?’ The interviews were in-depth and free form in nature. The physicians’ responses were recorded and analyzed using Grounded Theory Methodology. Using this methodology the field data was categorized into two major themes. The most important theme centered on ethics and the second theme was concerned with the implementation and use of a standard cost system in regard to EBBP. If physicians’ worries about ethical dilemmas and implementation issues are not resolved, then it is likely that doctors would be unwilling to participate in any efforts to develop or use a standard cost-reporting system in medicine. While this study was exploratory in nature, it should provide future guidance to accountants, health care researchers and health care providers about physicians’ issues with the use of standard costing methods in medicine.     

An evaluation of consumer participation in hospital breast services

Community expectations and research demonstrate that consumers play an important role in shaping services for women with breast cancer. Consumer contribution has been mandated recently in Victoria, Australia, to ensure the inclusion of consumer involvement in the planning and decision‐making processes within health organizations. As part of the redevelopment of breast services in Victoria, Southern Health has been funded to plan local improvements to care co‐ordination for women diagnosed with breast cancer in the southern metropolitan area of Melbourne. The establishment of effective consumer participation in breast services is an integral aspect of this project and a range of initiatives has been undertaken to achieve meaningful consumer involvement including the appointment of a consumer advisor; appointment of staff with extensive knowledge in women's health and community development to the project; establishment of a consumer reference group; and plans made to improve the receptivity of health service systems to consumer input. A preliminary evaluation of this ongoing project has indicated that a productive role for consumers in service practice review and policy and planning activities has been established and some change and engagement of staff has occurred. There is still work to be done to promote the involvement of a wider range of health professionals and to increase the level of trust between consumers and staff.