Social relationships and social anxiety appeals in direct-to-consumer advertising

The use of social relationships as a promotional tool in direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising has received limited attention despite relational impacts on illnesses and empirical evidence supporting social relationships’ positive influence with some patients. This content analysis provides insights into social relationship appeals’ use in DTC magazine ads for each drug-class category. Further, the current study introduces the concept of social anxiety appeals into the DTC advertising literature, which had previously focused more on fear appeals, such as the fear of pain. Social relationships appeared in 42.5% of the 421 DTC ads included in the sample. Social anxiety appeals appeared in 28.5% of ads with social relationships. Types of social relationships depicted (nonromantic, romantic, non-human pets or cartoon characters, and family) vary across drug-class categories. The current study affirms that DTC advertisers frequently appeal to the theoretical importance of relationships as an aid to improved health. It also raises ethical issues when neither the implied improvements in relationships nor decreased social anxiety are direct consequences of prescribed use of the advertised pharmaceutical.     

A new approach to understanding labour supply of disabled people

The main interest of this article is to propose an individual utility maximization model to explain the low participation of disabled people. We account for heterogeneity of preferences and furthermore time of self-caring for disabled individuals is considered as an argument in the utility function. The hours of work decided by disabled individuals are neither homogeneous (they depend on unknown characteristics) nor continuous (discrete choice sets). We use data of 4790 households from the Spanish Survey of Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency and find association between time of informal care and labour participation and, consequently, the choice between jobs.     

发展长期护理保险立对我国老龄化困境

面对老龄化趋势加剧以及我国现有保险体系中护理保障的缺失等现状,发展我国长期护理保险势在必行。长期护理保险风险高,缺乏精算数据,风险控制技术落后,这些因素制约着我国商业长期护理保险的发展。开展长期护理保险应对我国老龄化困境,科学设计险种是基础,政策法律的支持是关键,完善配套护理体系是保障。     

中西合璧的老人支持体系——香港所追求的全面照顾模式

以老人照顾体系发展的四个阶段,回顾香港过去五十年来从家庭维系传统孝亲价值,政府角色对照顾责任的厘清,传统家庭对机构照料的忌讳,到近年来从"在社区照顾"发展至"就地养老"的概念;从人口结构的变化、社会经济发展的变迁以及政府角色与责任的不同作了探讨剖析。说明"全面照顾模式"如何结合上述价值与社会体系背景,将政府与民间的各层面力量融入成为全方位、多面向与多选项的照顾体系,说明了对于政策制定者、服务提供者以及社区工作者这又意味着什么样的挑战。     

中小企业核心竞争力的培育与提升

企业的核心竞争力是企业取得和保持竞争优势的源泉。中小企业可以运用合理定位、积累经验、完善技 术体系等途径,通过专精战略、联盟战略、地域集群战略、技术创新战略来培育和提升企业的核心竞争力。     

The Financial Accountability of Australia's Medicare System: A Generational Accounting Analysis

The financial sustainability of publicly funded health care systems is sensitive to the demographics of ageing populations, which have a significant bearing on their financial management, accountability and reporting of their financial performance. This paper examines historical and current trends in demographic structure of Australia's population that are likely to impact on the financial management and accountability practices affecting Australia'suniversal public health care system ('Medicare'). The pay-as-you-go financed funding status of Medicare as represented under both currently required, cash-based accounting principles and proposed accrual-based accounting principles are criticised for not recognising the obligations of the Australian government under Medicare. An alternative system of generational accounting is proposed that projects the financial management costs of Medicare. Data are taken from both historical trends in expenditure and ageing as well as projected demographics. The analysis implies that there is significant intergenerational-inequity in the funding of Medicare, which is not recognised under accrual-based accounting principles that are now being used to evaluate the financial accountability and performance of government entities.     

“十二五”规划下绿色建筑的发展现状及其经济性分析——以苏北经济区中心城市徐州为例

"绿色建筑"是现今建筑行业发展的必然趋势。本文总结了国内绿色建筑的发展现状与存在问题,并以徐州市新城区在建工程为实例,阐述了国内绿色建筑的技术选择以及其经济性分析,突出绿色建筑的优越性。通过对比国外先进理念,探寻我国绿色建筑行业的未来发展。     

基层工会职工关爱工程研究

工会作为企业汇聚职工凝聚力的桥梁,有效的职工关爱机制可以促进企业和职工协调发展,实现双赢的目的。本文引入马斯洛需求层次理论,探讨了开展职工关爱工程的意义及思路,提出"五位一体"的职工关爱工程实施路径,即搭建一个职工生活需求保障的"地基台",构筑一道职工安全保障的"防火墙",编织一张以人为本的真情"暖心网",打造一部技能提升、益于职业发展的"助推器",建设一个引领优秀员工自我实现的"导航塔",为企业更好地开展职工关爱工程实施提供了参考。     

长期护理保险的家庭溢出效应研究综述及对我国的启示

家庭成员与老年人的护理选择有着复杂及重要的交互作用。本文回顾和梳理了国内外学术界关于长期护理保险家庭溢出效应的理论与实证研究成果,作为我国构建长期护理保险制度的参考,最后提出促进国内长期护理保险的建议。     

The impact of education on healthcare expenditure in China: quantity or quality

With respects to the low level of the healthcare expenditure, China has been experiencing a rapid growth of the education. This article is designed to test the education quantity and the education quality on the healthcare expenditure and conducts China’s provincial data set over the period 2001–2016. The results suggest that the education quantity has no significant effect on the healthcare expenditure, while the education quality has a positive and significant effect. Thus, it is suggested that China’s expansion on education cannot maintain the quality, and is not conducive to the improvement of human capital in education and health.