美国《社区再投资法案》理论争议与实践述评

美国《社区再投资法案》的颁布实施以及修正案的实施,鼓励了商业银行尤其是那些准备或正在进行并购的商业银行对低收入群体和少数民族居户抵押贷款的增长.该法案对于改善中低收入社区融资困难的状况起到了不可小视的作用.但CRA并不能有效解决市场失败和信贷歧视,其成本大于收益,且加重了市场扭曲.因此,CRA在理论界有所争议.我国正在推进信用社区建设,《社区再投资法案》对我国社会信用体系建设具有一定的借鉴作用.     

中小企业融资困境的经济学解释

中小企业的迅速发展,使我国在整体经济不利的环境下保持了较快的增长速度。但是中小企业在取得巨大发展的同时,在信贷市场上却面临着商业银行的信贷配给,陷入融资难的困境。文章试图从信贷配给的视角解释商业银行面对中小企业的信贷配给,用二元经济模式下的双重信贷配给解释中小企业的融资困境,并且提出中小企业解决融资困境的一条可行性途径,即市场利率化,信贷信息联网以及信贷担保体系。     

新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝的混凝性能

作者对新型无机高分子混凝剂聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)制备的工艺条件进行了研究，制备出性能稳定，效果良好的产品。用该产品对不同水质进行混凝试验，结果表明PASS有良好的混凝效果和广泛的适用范围。     

物流金融实务研究

物流金融是一个新的概念,也是国内第三方物流供应商新的赢利增长点.本文从实务的角度研究物流金融的业务流程、如何规避操作过程中的风险以及目前国内外第三方物流供应商提供的物流金融服务,并着重介绍了物流金融的四种操作模式:垫付货款、代收货款、仓单质押和保兑仓.     

Trade-off Model of Debt Maturity Structure

In this paper, we suggest the trade-off model to explain the choice of debt maturity. This model is based on balancing between risk and reward of using shorter-term loans. Shorter-term loans have cost advantage over, but incur higher refinancing and interest rate risk than longer-term loans. Using the Compustat data, we show that the principal components of financial attributes are financial flexibility and financial strength. Therefore, only firms with greater financial flexibility and financial strength can use proportionately more short-term loans. We also document that financially strong firms take advantage of lower interest rates of short-term debt. They use proportionately more short-term loans when the term premium is high. The results of our study also provide evidence supporting the agency cost hypothesis, which is strongly supported by current literature.     

Uncertainty and Financing Constraints

Using a panel of Dutch listed firms this paper provides empirical evidence for the hypothesis that more risky firms are confronted with more severe capital market constraints than relatively less risky firms. The paper also contributes to the discussion on the usefulness of cash flow as a measure of financial constraints. We present a stochastic version of the Kaplan-Zingales (1997) model. We show that cash flow sensitivity can be used as a meaningful indicator of financing constraints if firms are classified by the degree of uncertainty they face and if the uncertainty originates from cost uncertainty.     

Is there a pecking order? Evidence from a panel of IPO firms

We test the pecking order model of capital structure by examining the financing of firms that went public in 1983. We estimate a logit to predict external financing, and a multinomial logit to predict the type of financing using data on the IPO firms' security offerings during 1984–1992. Our results indicate that the probability of obtaining external funds is unrelated to the shortfall in internally generated funds, although firms with cash surpluses avoid external financing. Firms that access the capital markets do not follow the pecking order when choosing the type of security to offer.     

关系型借贷与中小企业融资的实证分析

本文通过一个计量经济学模型来检验企业贷款是否存在关系型借贷,结果发现:大型企业的确存在关系型借贷行为,且对企业的贷款量有显著性影响;中小企业关系型借贷对于贷款量的影响较小,且并不明显。原因可能是商业银行在审批中小企业贷款时,注重对“硬”信息的考察,同时中小企业并没有同某一家或几家商业银行保持长期关系。为改善中小企业融资状况,商业银行应建立起一套完整的信用记录体系,并实现信息共享,在贷款过程中增强对“软”信息的考察,积极培育一批资质较好的中小企业客户并建立密切的联系;中小企业则应该规范财务制度并增强财务信息的透明度,同银行建立长期关系。     

房地产投资项目融资风险的灰色模糊评判研究

房地产投资项目的融资风险问题具有灰色性(信息不完全)和模糊(概念不明确)性。考虑到灰色性和模糊性的影响，采用适用性更广的灰色模糊多级综合评判理论，对房地产投资项目融资风险的多级指标体系进行综合评判，可以有效地、全面地和系统地评价房地产投资项目融资风险的大小，为项目融资项目决策提供准确依据。     

浅析房地产开发企业融资方式之变革

中央人民银行出台《关于进一步加强房地产信贷业务管理的通知》，引发了房地产开发企业融资方式的变化，房地产开发企业应对当前融资环境变化，采取切实可行的融资渠道和资金运营方法，今后将成为主流房地产项目融资方式有：房地产信托投资、房地产企业上市、房地产基金、债券融资和住宅抵押贷款证券化等。