Does International Harmonization of Environmental Policy Instruments Make Economic Sense?

Harmonization of the instruments used in environmental policy has beenconsidered necessary to guarantee fair competition in internationalmarkets. We examine the economic costs of harmonizing paper recyclingstandards in countries where the urgency of the waste disposal problemsdiffer. Using data of seven European countries we estimate thetechnologically feasible input combinations of pulp and waste paper forpaper production. Short-term effects of two environmental policy measures,minimum content requirement and utilization rate target, are analyzed. Bytranslating the two administrative instruments into taxes and subsidies, weshow that the shadow costs of the harmonization vary considerably betweencountries. The difference in the domestic availability of waste may explainthe variation, and a modification of the policy measures to incorporate thisaspect is suggested.     

文化创意产业的非传统金融创新途径研究——一个独特视角

文化创意产业是当今世界发达国家经济文化发展的重要潮流。它与“文化经济”、“内容产业”、“版权产业”、“休闲体验产业”等概念相交错,形成了新的产业发展方向和新的发展模式。本文将文化创意产业与金融创新有机结合,阐述了一种非传统的金融创新途径,挖掘文化创意产业金融创新的新模式,在经济危机的现状下为文化创业产业提供了良好的发展思路。     

Political uncertainty and corporate debt financing: empirical evidence from China

We examine the influence of political uncertainty on corporate debt financing under the Chinese highly specialized political system. A new reasonable and effective alternative indicator, official turnover reason, is constructed to measure different political uncertainty level. Robust results suggest that listed companies will keep low debt financing level and smooth debt financing volatility under political uncertainty, which will be weakened during the global financial crisis. We also find that the listed company will raise equity financing level while overall financing is significantly reduced. In addition, SOEs are more sensitive to political uncertainty than non-SOEs, as they have stronger political connections with government officials.     

我国中小企业污染防治的投融资支持机制分析

20世纪90年代以来,我国环境问题日益突出。国家环保总局对我国污染负荷的估算表明,40%～50%的污染负荷来自国内中小企业。中小企业污染问题已经成为我国面临的主要治污课题之一,而尽快解决中小企业治污融资问题成为解决这一问题的关键。文章从规模经济和政府监管等角度分析中小企业污染治理面临的经济困难,并从投融资渠道的角度探讨了解决这一难题的主要途径。     

民间金融制度变迁的经济学解释——一个新政治经济学视角

作为民营经济支持的主力,民间金融有制度变迁的内在动力。我国民间金融制度的变迁同样表现出很强的制度变迁特征,而地方政府在制度变迁过程中的中间作用不容忽视。这其中折射出相关利益主体的反复博弈,并最终表现为需求诱致型制度变迁,推动民间金融通过法治化进程向民主化方向演进。     

Exploring the variability of patient costs in disease management programs: a hierarchical modelling approach

Disease management programs include a wide variation of patients with different chronic diseases and different health care utilization. The aim of this article was to identify factors on patient-level and organizational-level that explain the variability in costs of patients with different chronic diseases enrolled in a DMP by employing a rigorous analytical model. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was specified to perform a multi-level analysis of cross-sectional hierarchical data from 16 DMPs in the Netherlands. Multiple imputation, sub-group analysis per disease and analysis from both the health care and the societal perspectives were also performed. Our model showed that age, the presence of cardiovascular disease, multi-morbidity and payments on top of the payment for the usual care had positive relation with costs, while better quality of life was associated with lower health care costs. In the COPD sample, physical activity and employment were associated with health care costs. Our study showed that there is great variability in health care costs among patients included in DMPs and identified patient and organizational explanatory factors. The findings are relevant to the design of future DMPs and their payment schemes.     

Income-contingent loan with personal insurance policy: an empirical assessment using Spanish data

We propose an Income Contingent Loan that defers the payment of university fees and charges a fixed proportion of gross income for 30 years or until the debt is written off. Under these conditions, some participants in the scheme will have insufficient income to fully repay their loan balances. The deficit will be covered by the taxpayer, who ultimately bears the risk of investing in higher education. We then propose to transfer this risk to the student by adding a mandatory personal insurance policy to the individual loan. We calculate the premium required for the system to break even in Spain when everybody pays the insurance cost. Alternatively, the payment of the premium can be deferred, adding it to total debt. Then, some participants in the scheme will have insufficient income to even pay the insurance cost, and the premium needs to be increased to maintain the sustainability of the program. Although these mechanisms imply redistribution towards borrowers who end up being low earners, we show that middle-income individuals contribute a higher proportion of their incomes to covering for those unable to repay. To provide the system with more internal progressivity, we propose to impose a minimum period of repayment.     

中小企业信托融资模式问题研究——以广东省为例

本文根据笔者在信托公司的从业经历,结合广东省中小企业的融资现状,尝试提出利用信托模式解决其融资问题的思路。希望能通过信托模式解决中小企业融资难的问题,为信托公司的自主管理之路提供借鉴,并以信托为平台积聚广东省的金融资源,有效利用和引导金融资本合理地服务于实体经济,为广东省从"金融大省"提升为"金融强省"进而到"经济强省"的战略转变奠定基础。     

社会网络规模对新创企业融资方式影响的实证研究

在分析社会网络规模对新创企业融资方式影响的基础上,提出研究假设,并运用调查问卷数据和结构方程模型予以验证。结果表明:社会网络规模对新创企业的内源权益融资有负影响,对内源债务融资、外源权益融资和外源债务融资有正影响。     

融资约束、再融资能力与现金分红

文章将2008年关于上市公司现金分红的新规定作为公司再融资能力下降的外部冲击,检验再融资能力的下降对上市公司现金分红的影响。通过两次差分法(DID)比较研究新政对具有不同融资约束公司现金分红的不同影响,结果发现再融资能力的下降使得上市公司现金分红显著减少。新政颁布后,有融资约束的公司显著增加了现金分红;而新政颁布前,有融资约束的公司现金分红显著低于无融资约束的公司,文章的证据支持现金分红可作为区分国内上市公司融资约束的有效指标。