The patterns of patents in China

Innovations are a key driver of long-term economic growth. There has been an explosion of patent filings in China in the past three decades. But empirical studies on the pattern of innovations at the firm level are rather scant primarily due to lack of firm-specific patent data. We have made concerted efforts to match Chinese patent data with a large firm-level database. The matched dataset enables us to examine the patterns of patents at the firm level. Our analysis has revealed several interesting patterns: (1) domestic firms have become increasingly more innovative in terms of patent application; (2) private firms, rather than state-owned enterprises, have been the engine of innovation; (3) rising wages have propelled labor-intensive sectors to become more innovative; and (4) in response to increasing sex ratio imbalances, firms in female-intensive industries have exhibited more innovations than those in male-intensive industries.     

Micro evidence on international patenting

Globalization, high growth rates in high-tech industries, growing emerging markets and harmonization of patent institutions across countries have stimulated patenting in foreign markets. We use a simple model of international patenting, where the decision to patent in a foreign country depends on country characteristics and the quality of the patented invention. With access to a detailed database on individual patents owned by small Swedish firms and inventors, we are able to estimate some of these relationships and test their validity. Our results indicate that the propensity to apply for international patent protection increases with indicators of the quality of the invention, technological rivalry and market size in the host market.     

Schumpeter,Schumacher and the Greening of Technology

We propose a semantic patent claim analysis that can examine patents for possible infringements and identify which needs to be manually perused. So far, numerous approaches have been devised to systemise this burden, but have not been useful in practice because of a lack of consideration of semi-structure of patent claim data and claim element-based procedure of adjudicating patent infringement. At the heart of our method is a hierarchical keyword vector for representing the dependency relationships among claim elements (as well as unstructured textual information) and a tree matching algorithm for comparing claim elements of patents. A case study of the patents about DNA chip technology shows our method has considerable advantages in terms of accuracy and significance. We believe the suggested method could be employed in various research areas and serve as a starting point for developing more general models.     

氧化铟锡薄膜熔化阈值的研究

太阳能电池薄膜在平板显示器的生产中得到大量应用。而这其中Indium Tin Oxide(ITO)薄膜是应用最广的透明半导体薄膜之一。本文主要针对ITO薄膜在超短波激光烧蚀下的熔化规律进行研究。论文通过一系列激光实验,目的在于找出ITO薄膜在远红外激光下熔化现象的基本物理机制和熔蚀过程。经过实验,找出了在不同激光能量密度下,熔化阈值能量密度和熔化率,以及薄膜厚度与阈值能量密度之间的关系。     

探讨企事业单位专利管理与保护创新策略

专利权是企事业单位最重要的无形资产,企事业单位能够有效发挥专利权作用的前提是建立起恰当的专利管理模式与专利保护创新策略。本文针对当前企事业单位专利工作实际情况,提出专利全过程管理模式以及适用于企事业单位发展的专利保护创新策略。     

专利技术壁垒的效应及对策分析

专利技术壁垒是在知识产权保护水平提高的基础上出现的新型贸易壁垒,其对国际贸易的影响日益加深。介绍了专利技术壁垒的基本形式,分析了专利技术壁垒的应用对国际贸易的影响,指出中国企业应通过加强自主技术开发,积极应对国外专利诉讼,组建专利联盟等措施应对国际专利技术壁垒。     

经济密度、人口规模与环境污染——基于城市面板数据的实证分析

选取2005-2016年285个地级及以上城市数据,利用静态和动态短面板模型分析经济密度和人口规模对环境污染的影响,分析表明:经济密度与环境污染之间存在“倒U型”关系,人口规模扩大会抑制污染物排放;不同等级城市经济密度、不同规模城市人口对环境污染的影响方向一致,但影响程度有所差异;前期污染排放对当期具有正向影响,环境污染物排放存在路径依赖;经济发展水平、工业产值占比和对外开放也是影响污染物排放的重要因素,但各指标对三类污染物排放的影响方向和影响程度存在差异。据此认为,在综合考虑城市具体空间区位条件下,人口适度集聚,提高城市经济密度,优化产业结构以及加强环境监管是环境治理的重要方向。     

城市广场规划控制指标

提出了城市广场规划控制指标体系 ,以期通过密度控制、用地控制、设施控制 ,使城市广场的规划设计、审批和管理有法可依、有章可循     

Examining technological competition between BMW and Hyundai in the Korean car market

The Korean car market has increased in size. BMW and Hyundai are the top-ranked imported and domestic vehicle brands in Korea, respectively. Thus, it is important to understand these companies and the Korean car market, because technology is most significant in the vehicle industry. In this paper, we compare BMW with Hyundai from the technological perspective. Our research is focused on an analysis of the technological competition between BMW and Hyundai based on their developed technologies. We use all BMW and Hyundai patents from worldwide patent databases to analyse the two companies’ technologies. In addition, we apply statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to the patent analysis. In our conclusion, we show the technological differences and competition between BMW and Hyundai, and find their relative strengths and weaknesses.     

我国三线城市保险业发展水平和综合竞争力的比较分析

随着保险公司在一、二线城市竞争的日趋激烈,三线城市保险业的发展商机已经显现。影响三线城市保险业发展水平和综合竞争力的主要因素包括GDP、人口数量及分布、城镇居民人均可支配收入和地理位置等,并最终反映在原保费收入、保费收入增长率、保险深度和保险密度这些衡量城市保险业竞争力和发展水平的主要客观性指标上,据此构建我国城市保险业综合竞争力评价模型,并运用此模型从实证的角度对2009年我国三线城市保险业发展水平和综合竞争力进行了测定和排序。