Multimarket Contact and Rivalry over Knowledge‐based Resources

Research summary: Research shows that multimarket contact (MMC ) reduces rivalry involving downstream activities. Yet, studies showing that MMC can increase the threat of imitation suggest a need to better understand how MMC affects upstream rivalry over knowledge‐based resources. In this study, we argue that MMC increases rivalry over knowledge‐based resources since the deterrent threat of retaliation that typically leads to mutual forbearance in downstream activities will not be sufficient to restrain firms from protecting their knowledge from imitation in upstream activities. In support of these arguments we find that MMC increases the likelihood that a firm initiates patent litigation against a rival. This study suggests the relationship between MMC and rivalry may depend on the competitive domain and the type of resources over which firms are competing . Managerial Summary: How does market overlap or MMC affect rivalry between two competitors? Prior studies have largely found that an increase in market overlap decreases rivalry in less knowledge‐intensive context because of the deterrent threat of retaliation. However, in this paper, we argue that an increase in market overlap may not reduce rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive context because of heterogeneity in capabilities to protect knowledge. We find that a firm is more likely to initiate patent litigation against a rival as market overlap increases. Our findings suggest that the incentive to protect value across multiple product markets may surpass the motivation to cooperate with rivals and that managers should have a more nuanced view of how market overlap with competitors affects rivalry in more knowledge‐intensive contexts . Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An analysis of snow options for ski resort establishments

This study proposes a pricing method for put options on snow level for tourism establishments operating in Palandoken ski resort in the east of Turkey. In the calculation of put prices historical densities and Edgeworth adjusted densities methods together with Alaton, Djehiche, and Stillberger (2002) method have been applied. The findings show that there may be significant differences in the prices calculated by the three different methods, hence enabling both parties, i.e. buyers and sellers, with bases in the negotiation process. As the study is primarily aimed at providing a framework for pricing put options on snow levels in general, it is expected that it would be of use not only for this particular ski resort but also for various ski resorts in the world.     

高校专利技术转化价值评估及其法律问题探析

针对高校专利技术转化现状,分析了高校专利技术转化价值的影响因素及评估中的相关法律问题,提出高校专利技术的真正价值内涵在于运用知识产权制度,将专利技术优势转化为经济效益和社会效益。为此,高校需强化专利技术转化价值的意识和评估观念,形成以专利技术的研发、保护、转化、运营为中心环节的知识产权管理体系。     

提高我国高新技术产业专利产出水平的对策研究

我国高新技术产业专利申请数量虽然增长很快,但同时又存在缺乏自主创新、产出数量少、发明专利少、产出效率低、缺少研发人才等问题。提高我国高新技术产业专利产出水平,必须从战略上确立自主创新发展自己的核心技术、实施企业专利战略、提高科技投入强度和效率、保护知识产权、营造创新环境、建设创新型科技队伍。     

高密度电法在地基塌陷区勘察中的应用

通过高密度电法快速采集地电断面结构信息，准确反映不良地质体的二维分布情况。为查明地基塌陷的诱发原因和地基处理提供了依据。通过实例证明该方法工作效率高、信息量大及在实际应用中的良好效果。     

我国企业协会的覆盖率及其相关制度的再设计

企业协会要行使行业代表、行业管理职能必须具有高的行业覆盖率。由于形成的途经的不同和产业链的细分，我国许多行业中普遍存在着“一业多会”现象，导致了企业协会的覆盖率降低、内耗严重，协会的应有功能无法充分发挥。研究表明：走出“一业多会”困境的出路在于强制入会制度的实施、政府背景的隐退和业务主管部门的取消，以及政府行业管理职能的择优转移和“第三部门”的形成。     

数字动漫企业核心竞争力与专利布局的关联性分析

数字动漫产业作为21世纪最具成长潜力的文化创意产业,在世界经济结构转型中创造着巨大的经济价值。在全球化的竞争时代下,要创造领先优势,取得专利权的保护并进行战略性专利布局是一种重要的手段。而对于技术密集的数字动漫产业而言,企业的专利拥有量及布局管理更是其核心竞争力的体现。     

专利联盟的垄断性分析

科技时代的竞争就是专利战略的竞争。发达国家的许多企业早已将专利战略视为发展的生命线和护身符,并对我国企业的发展产生影响,本文从经济学角度对这一问题进行更为深入的分析。     

中国省际劳均收入的收敛研究——基于核密度函数和Markov随机过程理论的分析

采用核密度函数和Markov随机过程理论研究了我国省区劳均收入分布的动态演变和发展趋势。研究发现,改革前我国省区劳均收入为多峰分布,其遍历分布为偏向低收入的双峰分布;改革后,劳均收入分布经历了从多峰到单峰再到双峰的演变过程,其遍历分布为偏向高收入的双峰分布。从长期发展趋势看,改革后我国多数地区将会收敛于高收入区间。     

Traffic density,congestion externalities,and urbanization in China

ABSTRACT

Although there is an abundant regional literature analyzing traffic congestion, only a few studies have explored extending such analysis with spatial effects. This study uses a dynamic spatial Durbin model and city-level panel data for the period 2003–14 to investigate the spatial spillover effects of traffic congestion on urbanization in China. The results show that there is an inverted ‘U’-shaped relationship between urbanization and traffic density in local and neighbouring cities, and congestion effects have appeared. In the short and long run, the spatial effects of traffic congestion have become an important force restricting the effective promotion of urbanization in China.