On-farm biological control of the pearl millet head miner: realization of 35 years of unsteady progress in Mali,Burkina Faso and Niger

The pearl millet head miner became a major pest in the West African Sahel during the droughts of 1972–1974, and has since remained a threat to food security. Pesticide control is unrealistic for subsistence farmers. Furthermore, there are no cultural control methods or genetic sources of resistance. Biological control was a possibility, but the required ecological knowledge did not exist in the 1970s. A biological control programme could have been rapidly developed through sustained and coordinated funding using existing knowledge. Instead, it took 25 years to lay the scientific groundwork through occasional bursts of uncoordinated short-term activity using international scientists funded by large donors. There was little funding and few prominent roles for national scientists until 2000, when they were empowered by a different approach taken by the McKnight Foundation. An operational system was quickly developed and deployed in which trained farmers rear and release the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor to effectively eliminate the head miner. The national programme scientists demonstrated admirably that, when trusted and adequately supported and empowered, African researchers can deliver real and effective solutions that are scientifically sound, meet the needs of smallholder farmers, and contribute significantly to improved food security, community resilience and reduced poverty.     

云南松毛虫蛹的综合利用研究

实验表明：云南松毛虫蛹的营养成份丰富且无毒副作用,它含有17种氨基酸和多种维生素,其蛋白质含量为58．23％;其蛹蛋白、脂肪和几丁质的开发利用完全可行。野外实地考察表明：云南民间很多少数民族都有食用松毛虫桶的传统。因而完全可以通过对松毛虫蛹的开发利用来促进松毛虫的防治,减少化学杀虫剂对环境的污染和帮助山区人民脱贫致富具有重大意义。     

不同处理对紫花苜蓿在干旱条件下种子萌发的影响

[目的]为了寻找一种在干旱条件下,能提高紫花苜蓿种子活力,增强其幼苗抗旱机能的有效方法。[方法]采取CaCl2溶液浸泡、水浴加热及微波辐射等3种不同方法对紫花苜蓿种子进行预处理,在20%的PEG—6000溶液模拟干旱条件下,研究其发芽率,发芽势及种子活力指数的影响。[结论]CaCl2溶液浸泡及25～35℃之间水浴加热处理对紫花苜蓿种子的萌发有促进作用,高温水浴加热及微波辐射处理对紫花苜蓿种子的萌发有抑制作用。     

凤凰单丛有机茶园有害生物生态控制研究

针对凤凰单丛有机茶园主要有害生物的控制问题,根据生态学和昆虫学原理,提出了凤凰单丛有机茶园主要有害生物生态控制的指导思想和关键技术;简述了假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis（Gthe）、茶角胸叶甲Basilepta melanopus Lefevre和茶红蜘蛛Oligonychus coffeae（Nietner）三种主要有害生物的生态控制措施和控制效果。     

比较几种辐照对半导体器件性能的影响

介绍了几种常见的辐照对半导体器件的辐射效应和损伤机制,比较了γ射线、电子、质子以及中子作为辐照源时,光电二极管各项特性参数的变化;根据辐照对半导体的作用原理,解释不同类型辐照引起性能衰减的变化规律;最后,提出了几种抗辐射加固方法,改善光电二极管的抗辐射性能．     

卷烟厂中央空调过滤器的改进与应用

为提高中央空调过滤器自动反清洗效果,减少人工清洗过滤器工作量,改进了过滤器的滤材、结构和自动反清洗方式。改进后的过滤器降低了空调的送风阻力,避免了人工清洗过滤器的工作,自动反清洗效果良好,在反清洗过程中保证空调连续稳定运行。     

护理干预在耐药肺结核患者中的应用效果

目的探讨护理干预在耐药肺结核患者中应用效果。方法将我院收治的60例耐药肺结核患者随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组30例给予常规护理,观察组30例在常规护理的基础上给予护理干预,比较两组患者的临床效果。结果观察组患者抑郁、焦虑症状发生率为36.7%,对照组患者抑郁、焦虑症状发生率为76.7%,对照组高于观察组（P〈0.05）,观察组患者满意度高于对照组,且观察组住院时间少于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论对耐药肺结核患者进行护理干预,能有效提高治疗效果。     

血清前白蛋白总胆红素比值水平评估慢性乙型肝炎恩曲他滨治疗耐药性的价值

目的探讨血清前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)/总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBiL)比值水平对评估慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitisB,CHB)恩曲他滨治疗耐药性的价值。方法回顾性分析2017年5月至2018年5月于沈阳医学院附属中心医院接受恩曲他滨治疗的140例CHB患者的临床资料,按照是否产生恩曲他滨耐药性分为耐药组和对照组,其中耐药组67例,对照组73例。检测所有患者肝功能指标和血清病毒学指标,分析影响CHB患者恩曲他滨耐药性的因素,采用Cox多因素回归模型分析影响CHB患者恩曲他滨耐药性的独立因素以及PA/TBiL评估CHB患者恩曲他滨耐药性的价值。结果丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、TBiL、白蛋白(ALB)、PA、PA/TBiL、乙肝病毒的脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)与CHB患者恩曲他滨耐药性均有关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、病程无关(P>0.05)。TBiL、PA、PA/TBiL是影响CHB患者恩曲他滨治疗耐药性的独立因素(P<0.05)。TBiL、PA、PA/TBiL评估CHB患者恩曲他滨治疗耐药性价值的曲线下面积分别为0.643、0.656、0.893。结论血清PA/TBiL比值水平对评估CHB患者恩曲他滨治疗耐药性具有重要的临床参考价值。     

贫困地区农村公共产品的消费阻力研究

贫困地区的公共产品需求和供给有很大的共性（收敛性）.贫困地区的农民不是一般研究意义上的理性农民.在公共产品的消费中,消费阻力同样存在.贫困地区的农民对公共产品的消费阻力有一些共性.本文在介绍贫困地区和贫困地区农民特征的基础上,分析了贫困地区农民对农村公共产品消费阻力以及其表现,然后提出正确引导、消除贫困地区农民对农村公共产品消费阻力的对策.     

Framing corporate social responsibility for a controversial product

ABSTRACT

Firms operating casino businesses such as casino hotels often face scrutiny with heightened suspicion regarding the intent of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. This study examined how persuasive intent and the CSR issue influenced consumers’ processing of a CSR initiative for a casino hotel. The results of an experiment showed that participants reacted favorably to a CSR initiative, but such positive reactions disappeared when persuasive intent was explicit in the CSR message. This study further explored the underlying mechanism by testing a moderated mediation model in which issue importance in a CSR initiative acted as a moderator.