一起突发性地表水环境污染监测案例的分析与思考

针对发生在石家庄灵寿县境内的一起突发性地表水环境污染事件,介绍了石家庄市环境监测中心采取的现场勘查、监测、采样和处置等应急处理措施,就建立科学的应急监测管理机制提出建议:1)加强河流跨界交汇断面的监测;2)提高地表水生物监测技术水平;3)组建一支专业的污染事件应急监测队伍。     

石家庄市大气颗粒物TSP，PM10和PM2.5主要成分研究

为了研究石家庄市大气颗粒物TSP,PM_(10)以及PM_(2.5)中的主要成分,在不同季节分别采集了该市6个点位的颗粒物样品,对其主要成分的浓度与含量进行了分析。研究表明,TSP,PM_(10)以及PM_(2.5)中的主要成分为SO~(2-)_4,NO~-_3,NH~+_4,Al,Si,Fe,OC,EC等,这些主要成分在各粒径中呈现季节性变化的特点。春季以扬尘污染为主,冬季燃煤污染显著,夏秋季为复合型污染。市区6个点位主要成分的变化规律基本一致,"西南高教"与"西北水源"的颗粒物污染较为严重,可能与其周围污染源分布有关。     

关于创建乡镇企业环境污染责任保险的思考

我国处于经济发展的高峰期,同时也处于环境污染责任事故发生的高峰期。尤其是作为乡镇经济支柱的乡镇企业,发生的环境污染事故也越来越多。乡镇企业环境污染责任事故一旦发生,造成的损失是巨大的。因此,创建乡镇企业环境污染责任保险具有积极的意义。本文就创建乡镇企业环境污染责任保险的各方面提出了笔者自己的观点,着重分析了创建乡镇企业环境污染责任保险的原因,创建乡镇企业环境污染责任保险的注意内容,以及对如何发展乡镇企业环境污染责任保险提出建议。     

我国软件外包承接城市效率评价与驱动因素研究

就 业问题、环境污染以及从业人员研发能力下降已经成为制约软件外包承接城市发展的瓶颈问 题。文章运用DEA方法构建考虑非期望产出和非合意变量的软件外包承接效率评价模型,重 点比较不同模型下我国软件外包承接城市效率的差异,并引入Tobit回归分析软件外包承接 城市效率的驱动因素。研究发现：我国软件外包承接城市的投入产出组合在逐步优化,且东 部沿海城市的效率值明显优于中西部城市,其中大连市的效率值始终为1,处于生产的前沿 面。另外,人才竞争力对软件外包承接城市效率有显著的正向影响,信息技术基础设施竞争力与承接效率的关系呈显著负相关。     

经济增长、能源结构与工业污染——基于空间面板计量实证研究

本文基于环境EKC曲线理论,采用2002～2013年中国31个省际的面板数据,运用空间数据分析方法对经济增长、能源结构与工业污染的空间分布格局相关性进行研究。进一步运用空间计量方法,研究经济增长、能源结构对工业污染的空间效应。研究结果发现：经济增长、能源结构与工业污染存在空间相关性,并在空间分布上存在明显的“路径依赖”特征并形成了不同集聚区域。经济增长、能源结构对工业污染的空间影响效应明显,经济增长与工业污染呈现EKC曲线假设的倒“U”形关系,能源结构与工业污染呈现正向相关关系。最后在实证结果的基础上提出相关建议。     

Transboundary pollution externalities: Think globally,act locally?

We analyze the implications of transboundary pollution externalities on environmental policymaking in a spatial setting, in which pollution diffuses across the global spatial economy independently of the specific location in which it is originally generated. This framework gives rise to a simple regional optimal pollution control problem allowing us to compare the global and local solutions in which, respectively, the transboundary externality is and is not taken into account in the determination of the optimal policy by individual local policymakers. We show that it is not obvious that transboundary externalities are a source of inefficiency per se since this is strictly related to the spatial features of the initial distribution of pollution. If the initial pollution distribution is spatially homogeneous then the local and global solutions will coincide and thus no efficiency loss will arise from transboundary externalities, but if it is spatially heterogeneous the local solution will be suboptimal and thus a global approach to environmental problems will be needed to achieve efficiency. From a normative perspective, in this latter (and most realistic) case we also quantify the amount of policy intervention needed at local level in order to achieve the globally desirable goal of pollution eradication in the long run. Our conclusions hold true in a number of different settings, including situations in which the spatial domain is either bounded or unbounded, and situations in which macroeconomic–environmental feedback effects are taken into account.     

企业私有化程度提高则社会环境会变差？

从企业私有化角度出发,构建二元经济理论模型和实证模型分析私有化对环境污染的影响。理论研究发现,由于城市部门资本密集程度高于农村部门,而且如果农村劳动者从环境改善中获得的边际效用小于城市劳动者从环境改善中获得的边际效用,那么提高私有化导致单位产出污染排放减少时会引起：（1）劳动和资本要素会向城市流动,城市工业部门产出增加;农业部门由于劳动和资本流出而导致产出减少,即城市扩张而农村收缩;(2)城市地区的失业总人数会增加;(3)私有化导致单位产出污染排放减少的效应大于工业产出增加导致污染排放增加的效应,最终导致社会环境改善,但如果私有化导致单位产出污染排放增加,则会得出相反的结论。实证结果表明：企业私有化水平提高有利于降低单位产出固体废物、废水、二氧化硫和烟尘等污染物的排放,资本投入也有利于降低单位产出污染物的排放。     

Motivations and Barriers to Corporate Environmental Management

This paper integrates two conceptual frameworks, utility maximization and institutional theory, to analyze voluntary corporate environmental management. The utility maximization or economic approach centers on motivations to decrease cost, increase revenue and improve manager utility. Institutional theory emphasizes how external pressures from market and non‐market constituents shape the firm's environmental efforts. We view the two frameworks as complementary and postulate a model that includes both types of influences. Survey data from six major industries consisting of a diverse set of facilities are used to estimate the effects of economic and institutional factors on a facility's use of environmental practices and pollution‐prevention activities. Our results support the hypothesized model, and show that cost barriers, management attitudes toward environmental stewardship, company ownership and external institutional forces, including competitiveness, investor and regulatory pressures, all affect a facility's environmental practices and pollution prevention activities. Findings suggest that a multifaceted policy strategy is needed to advance corporate environmental management across diverse firms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

基于物元分析的室内环境污染可拓评价

为了客观准确地对室内环境污染进行评价,引入可拓学物元分析理论,建立室内环境污染的评价物元模型,通过计算综合关联度确定室内环境污染评价等级。     

传统经济增长方式导致环境危机的经济学分析

环境资源是一种公共资源,传统经济增长方式带来了严重的环境污染问题,环境问题严重制约着我国经济增长和发展,因此传统的数量型经济增长方式已难以为继,转变现有的经济增长方式势在必行。从稀缺、欲望、市场机制和资源配置等经济学的重要范畴及其相互关系分析它们与资源环境危机之间的必然逻辑关系,结果表明传统经济学在基础层面上不适合指导人们的经济活动,应当建立新的经济学,把环境资源的稀缺性引入经济系统中,使其逐渐成为经济系统的内生变量,以拓宽经济学的研究视野。