Optimal insurance in the presence of reinsurance

This paper studies an optimal insurance and reinsurance design problem among three agents: policyholder, insurer, and reinsurer. We assume that the preferences of the parties are given by distortion risk measures, which are equivalent to dual utilities. By maximizing the dual utility of the insurer and jointly solving the optimal insurance and reinsurance contracts, it is found that a layering insurance is optimal, with every layer being borne by one of the three agents. We also show that reinsurance encourages more insurance, and is welfare improving for the economy. Furthermore, it is optimal for the insurer to charge the maximum acceptable insurance premium to the policyholder. This paper also considers three other variants of the optimal insurance/reinsurance models. The first two variants impose a limit on the reinsurance premium so as to prevent insurer to reinsure all its risk. An optimal solution is still layering insurance, though the insurer will have to retain higher risk. Finally, we study the effect of competition by permitting the policyholder to insure its risk with an insurer, a reinsurer, or both. The competition from the reinsurer dampens the price at which an insurer could charge to the policyholder, although the optimal indemnities remain the same as the baseline model. The reinsurer will however not trade with the policyholder in this optimal solution.     

基于中国上市公司并购的控制权溢价影响因素分析

本文以收购上市公司控制权为样本、以控制权溢价为切入点,主要通过研究目标企业中协同效应动机和获得控制权私有收益动机的影响因素及其程度进行实证并提出相关建议。     

自由现金流量、并购溢价与我国上市公司并购绩效的实证研究

国内外的研究结果表明高自由现金流量低成长性公司在并购后绩效会出现明显的下滑,并把绩效下滑归因于代理成本。文章力图在自由现金流量与并购绩效之间搭建一座桥梁,深入分析导致并购绩效下滑的直接客观原因。通过利用我国上市公司2001-2003年436次并购事件进行实证分析的结果表明,支付过高的并购溢价是导致高自由现金流量低成长性上市公司并购绩效低下的直接客观原因。     

中国股票市场市盈率的检验分析

市盈率高低是我国股市的关注焦点之一。本文在比较国外证券市场的市盈率之后认为我国的市盈率偏高。这种推测得到我们理论研究和模型结论的支持,我国股市市盈率由于系统风险的掩藏、股票初始发行价偏高和股市投机性等因素而呈现较高的倍数。从2004年我国股市市盈率开始下降,逐渐接近我们模型的估计值。此外,我们实证分析认为,市盈率的高低与GDP增长、股票收益波动和国有股比重等因素不存在严格的变动关系,市盈率呈现出一种随机游走的态势,市盈率不是稳定的区间值,而是一系列的动态的时间序列变量值。     

REAL OPTIONS AND THE CROSS‐SECTION OF EXPECTED STOCK RETURNS

This paper surveys the theoretical literature investigating the effect of firms’ investment flexibility on the cross‐section of expected stock returns. Real options analysis derives firms’ value‐maximizing investment policies as functions of exogenous fundamental drivers of profitability and calculates firms’ market values as functions of the same variables. These functions yield the relationship between expected stock returns and firm fundamentals. Several plausible explanations for the value premium – the high average stock returns earned by firms with high book‐to‐market ratios – emerge from this literature.