A comparison of parent and child perspectives about barriers to and facilitators of bicycle helmet and booster seat use

Abstract

To date, little work has compared similarities and differences between parent and young people’s perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of bicycle helmet and booster seat usage. Our goal was to conduct such a comparison in order to inform future safety campaigns. Eleven focus groups with a total of 68 parents and 11 focus groups with a total of 76 young people were conducted. Recruitment was conducted and focus groups were held in diverse neighbourhoods to facilitate participation by families from a variety of cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Overall, parents and their children agreed on 50% of the barriers identified for bicycle helmet use and approximately 40% of the barriers for booster seats. Barriers common to both types of equipment for parents and children included comfort, style and design, and fear of teasing. Common facilitators included perceived safety, and comfort. While there was considerable overlap between the perspectives of parents and young people, there were also differences, underscoring the importance of addressing both perspectives. The barriers and facilitators identified were modifiable to a large extent; based on these, recommendations for future injury prevention campaigns were outlined.     

关于疫情防控常态化下加强对中小微企业精准扶持的调查研究

中小微企业是推动国民经济发展的重要力量，在吸纳就业、贡献税收、创造财富等方面都具有重要贡献。新冠疫情的突然暴发，放大了中小微企业在融资及产业链上的脆弱性。如今国内疫情防控已趋常态化，但全球疫情仍在持续蔓延，国际经贸形势复杂严峻，国内中小微企业利润增长的持续性仍存在不确定性，中小微企业受到的冲击仍在持续，其经营与融资状况仍需各界高度关注。本文通过专家访谈、网络和现场问卷调查等方式，对深圳市某产业园区的中小微企业经营现状、国家扶持政策落实情况进行调研，在此基础上提出促进中小微企业生存发展的对策建议，以期进一步提升产业园区对园区企业的扶持水平，进一步完善国家的扶持政策，对中小微企业做到精准扶持，助力企业提升竞争力。     

Retail employee guardianship behaviour: A phenomenological investigation

Supermarkets suffer significant losses as a consequence of shoplifting. Amongst the existing electronic and manual surveillance measures for retail crime management, the role of employees in preventing or controlling retail crime has not been systematically addressed within the extant literature. This paper contributes to addressing this gap by examining how employers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) involvement influences employee proclivity towards guardianship behaviour in shoplifting prevention. A phenomenological approach is adopted comprising semi-structured interviews of twenty-nine shop-floor employees of two national supermarket chains within a cosmopolitan city of New Zealand. Findings strongly support the suggestion that employee perceptions of employer internal and external CSR may shape their feelings of organisational attachment, resulting in employee guardianship behaviour that manifests in in-store shoplifting prevention. Further, from a societal perspective, this study suggests that a reduction in retail crime contributes towards positive relationships among key stakeholders such as supermarkets, their employees, and society at large based on the social, environmental, and employee welfare practices of supermarkets.     

Disclosure and assessment of unrecorded food waste at retail stores

Reducing food waste at stores is a huge challenge for retailers, that are called to improve the efficiency of their operations in order to reduce the quantity of food that goes discarded. Some studies suggest that part of the food products removed from sale are not recorded as waste, but the quantity and features of this unrecorded food waste is largely unknown. The underestimation of retail food waste data hinders the effectiveness of actions against food waste at the store level, as managers may build their decisions on unreliable information. In this study we directly measure the waste of 9 food categories in a panel of 13 supermarkets in Italy. An improved recording practice was applied during the 12 months of the study, allowing to detect all the food wasted, including what usually remains unrecorded. By comparing the data gathered during the study with those recorded at the same stores prior the application of the improved recording routine, meaningful quantities of unrecorded food waste emerge for many food categories, especially fruits and vegetables, packed cold cuts and groceries. The rate of food waste in value raises from 1.00% to 1.35% on comparable periods, as a result of the implementation of the improved recording routine. However, the rate of food waste in value decreases during the study period, suggesting that a more accurate recording procedure may sensitize the staff over the issue of food waste, thus preventing to some extent its generation. A new model of food waste recording is therefore proposed, with a meaningful potential to improve the quality of the data available to store managers and, at the same time, to reduce the economic losses due to in-store food waste.     

论审计风险的防范与控制

对审计风险进行系统的理论研究,是构建审计风险理论的重要体系。对审计风险的正确认识是有效地防范化解审计风险的前提。应采取防范与控制措施,加强控制和纠正审计中出现的问题,营造良好和谐的外部审计环境,有效地防范和化解审计风险,以更好地发挥审计作用,完善我国审计体系。     

Self-reported load carriage injuries of military soldiers

The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational load carriage constitutes a significant source of injury to military soldiers. An online survey was sent to soldiers serving in specific Australian Army Corps known to experience the greatest occupational exposure to load carriage. Of the 338 respondents, 34% sustained at least one load carriage injury. Fifty-two per cent of those injured during initial training reported sustaining an additional load carriage injury. The majority of injuries (61%) were to the lower limbs with bones and joints the most frequently injured body structures (39%). Endurance marching (continuous marching as part of a physical training session) was the activity accounting for most (38%) injuries. Occupational load carriage is associated with military soldier injuries and, once injured, soldiers are at a high risk of future load carriage injury. The bodily sites and nature of self-reported injuries in this study are akin to those of formally reported injuries and those of other militaries.     

对商业银行会计内部控制的思考

商业银行会计内部控制对商业银行运营起着重要的作用。本文从风险控制意识、内部控制制度等几个方面指出了当前商业银行会计内控的主要薄弱环节，并结合实际提出了若干强化措施。     

浅析我国面临贸易摩擦的原因及应对策略

我国在由贸易大国向贸易强国逐步转变历程中,取得了令世人瞩目的成绩,但日益严峻的贸易环境和日渐增多的贸易摩擦同样阻碍了我国对外贸易的发展。只有正确深刻地透视我国面临贸易摩擦的现状特点以及根源,才能更加及时、冷静、准确地针对问题找出最佳解决方法。本文首先分析了当前我国对外贸易面临的贸易摩擦的新形式特征,然后从五个方面分析了我国面临贸易摩擦的根源,最后就解决方法提出建议。     

高校分散采购管理模式下寻租现象的防控机制研究

以经济学寻租理论研究与实证研究为基础,探讨高校分散采购管理模式下寻租现象的根源、方式和防控机制。从高校组织的整体制度环境上,对高校招标采购活动中的寻租行为和机制的缺陷等导致的采购诚信缺失问题进行综合性归因分析,深刻剖析招标采购活动中寻租现象的内涵,掌握治理寻租行为的规律,以保障高校招标采购活动的顺利开展,构建防治招标采购贿赂的长效机制,加强高校党风廉政建设和反腐工作。     

The potential of smart homes for injury prevention among the elderly

Smart homes promise to make the lives of elderly people more comfortable and safe. Today, there is a significant interest from industry and policy makers in developing these technologies. In theory, the emerging technologies make it possible to provide a new range of services. So far, however, the goal has often been to develop new services for young people rather than assisting old people to improve their quality of life. Especially important is the potential for using these technologies to promote safety and prevent injury among old people because this group is at home more than the other age groups. Networked devices can collect data from sensors and aid decision-making on intervention and other measures. Furthermore, these devices can instruct and remind individuals about safety-related issues.