公共治理理论视阈下抑制城市虚高房价的新思路

近年来,随着我国各大中城市房价不断上扬,房价虚高问题已成为关乎民生和社会稳定的重大问题。房价虚高问题是社会关注的热点、焦点问题,也是公共治理的难点问题。作为前沿理论形态,公共治理理论为抑制虚高房价提供了新观念、新思路与新方法,可以起到良好的功效。在公共治理理论视野下,要理顺各利益相关者的关系,扬长避短,群策群力,从而构建起抑制虚高房价的多元主体共治体系。     

The house price determination process: Rational expectations with a spatial context

Applying the rational expectations hypothesis, this essay models the current value of a house as the conditional expectation of the discounted stream of housing services accruing to the owner of the house. The value of housing services is determined by neighborhood effects as well as the physical attributes of the property itself. In the existing hedonic literature, future transactions have not been utilized to describe neighborhood effects. The rational expectations asset pricing model in this study accounts for expected future neighborhood effects as well as observed current neighborhood effects. The reduced form of the rational expectations model is a spatial autoregressive (SAR) model with two spatial lags. After employing the generalized method of moments (GMM) in estimating the spatial asset pricing model, I find that both expected future transactions and prior transactions in the neighborhood are significant. The inclusion of expected future transaction prices in the neighborhood takes into account the influence of expected changes in the community and factors these potential changes into the current house price. This is consistent with forward-looking households. The forward-looking model generates superior out-of-sample prediction performance relative to both the conventional hedonic model without considering neighborhood effects or the standard spatial hedonic model including only past transactions.     

物流联盟绩效评价指标体系初探

物流联盟是应对外部市场快速变化而形成的一种虚拟组织,正确评价联盟绩效是保证联盟稳定运行的重要条件。基于物流联盟的科学内涵、组织结构和组建模式,文中构建了物流联盟绩效评价指标体系,并运用模糊综合评判研究了联盟绩效评价问题。     

我国农产品冷链物流存在的问题及对策

目前我国农产品冷链物流的发展相对滞后,严重影响了农民的增收和农产品的出口质量。针对我国农产品冷链物流发展中存在的鲜活农产品通过冷链流通的比例偏低、农产品冷链物流技术落后、第三方冷链物流企业发展滞后等问题,提出了加大科技投入力度、加快培育第三方冷链物流企业、加快专业冷链物流人才的培养等对策,以促进我国农产品冷链物流的发展。     

清单计价模式下招投标阶段工程造价之控制

随着工程量清单计价模式下招投标制度的推行,招投标阶段对工程建设造价控制的作用也随之凸显出来;针对建设各方对招投标阶段工程造价控制的认识偏差,以招投标对工程造价的影响为出发点,指出了招投标过程中造价控制的关键点及相关风险,并给出了相应的防范和控制措施。     

对铁路工程价差系数的探讨

铁路工程目前的价差调整方式主要是采用相对于某种编制办法的基期价每年(或季度)由铁道部发布材料价差系数进行价差调整,本文阐述了铁路工程价差系数的发展过程及其特点,定量地分析了太中银项目"某项目部"铁路价差系数对其工程造价的影响,对铁路工程项目的材料价差调整具有一定的指导意义。     

History-based price discrimination and entry in markets with switching costs: A welfare analysis

We analyze history-based price discrimination in an asymmetric industry, where an incumbent, protected by switching costs, faces an entrant who does not have access to information about consumers’ purchase histories. We demonstrate that consumer surplus is higher with uniform pricing than with history-based price discrimination. We find that the entry decision is invariant to whether the incumbent implements history-based pricing or uniform pricing. This implies that the potential abuse of market dominance imposed by history-based price discrimination is exploitation, not exclusion. Finally, we establish that the profit gain to the incumbent from history-based pricing exceeds the associated loss to consumers.     

住宅价格与居民收入均衡关系及住房支付能力稳定性

文章通过聚类分析将35个大中城市按2000-2009年住宅价格分为四组,结合面板单位根、协整和格兰杰因果检验对住宅价格和居民收入的均衡关系进行了分析,并运用FMOLS模型探讨了住房支付能力稳定性问题。分析表明:35个大中城市的住宅价格和居民收入之间存在长期均衡关系,但支付能力稳定性比较弱;住宅价格和居民收入互为因果关系;住房支付能力稳定性弱不是普遍现象,仅存在于高房价城市;除收入外,城市的食品消费、医疗、教育和交通通信等软硬件设施也是影响住宅价格的重要因素。     

中国生猪价格波动特征分析

使用2000—2009年中国生猪批发价格月度数据,分析了我国生猪批发价格运动的轨迹。研究结果表明:近年来我国生猪批发价格年度内震荡加剧且具有明显的季节性波动特征。并利用ARCH模型对生猪批发价格波动的动态过程进行了分析,发现滞后1期及滞后5期的生猪批发价格变动与当期价格变动的方向相同,而滞后2期的批发价格对当期价格有回调作用。     

我国畜产品价格波动分析——基于ARCH类模型

运用ARCH类模型对我国主要畜产品的价格波动率进行了分析。结果表明:牛肉、羊肉和鸡肉的价格波动具有显著的波动积聚性,鸡蛋价格波动没有显著的异方差效应;除牛肉市场外,羊肉和鸡肉市场不具有高风险、高回报的特征;猪肉、牛肉、羊肉和鸡肉的价格波动没有非对称性。认为应在畜产品市场出现大的价格波动时及时采取平抑措施,且政府需规范畜产品市场秩序、完善畜产品市场制度。