Enhancing Practicing Primary School Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Technology

This paper describes the frameworks and cognitive tools that have been developed to enhance practising teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in primary school technology education. The frameworks evolved from our research that firstly examined existing teaching practices, secondly enhanced formative interactions and thirdly enhanced summative assessment strategies. The evidence gained over the three years demonstrated how the effective use of frameworks could be utilised to enhance teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). How we see learning is of prime importance in examining the development of teacher pedagogical content knowledge. A sociocultural view of learning is taken where human mental processes are situated within their historical, cultural and institutional setting. In the research project we strongly emphasised the need for teachers to build a knowledge base for teaching technology. Critical aspects identified as enhancing PCK included: negotiated intervention, planning frameworks, reflection on case studies, workshops and support in classrooms, appropriate resources, teacher agreement meetings, portfolios of student work and summative profiles. The increased PCK resulted in: enhanced teacher knowledge about technology including the nature of technology, areas of technology and specific technological knowledge, changed pedagogical approaches, enhanced teacher student interaction, refinement of appropriate learning outcomes, critical decision making, improved teacher confidence, and enhanced student learning. Seven characteristics or features of pedagogical content knowledge that we believe are important for effective teaching and learning in technology are presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

How advanced is the strategy paradigm? The role of particularism and universalism in shaping research outcomes

As the field of strategy reaches its 25th anniversary, we examine how far the field has progressed during that time. Both management and strategy research have been characterized as being in an early stage of development. We draw on Kuhn's ( 1996 ) paradigm development model, which posits a connection between a field's stage of maturity and research processes and outcomes, to assess the maturity of the strategy field. We conduct two studies. The first is a cross‐discipline comparison of productivity norms for university faculty. The second study examines longitudinal research outcomes for a sample of 945 strategy faculty. Our results indicate that strategy has the attributes of both an early stage and mature field: while overall research norms are low relative to other fields, they are driven far more by merit‐based than non‐merit factors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Landscape of Economic Growth: Do Middle-Income Countries Differ?

We review the growth experience of middle-income countries. Economic factors associated with growth appear to differ between middle-income and other countries. The efficiency of the financial system is importantly related to the growth rate in low- and middle-income countries, but appears to matter less as one moves up the income scale. Demographic variables also matter importantly in low-income countries. In middle-income countries, in contrast, measures of the financial system no longer appear to matter as importantly, as if inefficiencies in banking and financial systems are no longer as binding a constraint as at earlier stages of financial development; nor are demographic variables as important as before. At this point, other variables gain a growing role: these include whether the country experiences a banking or currency crisis, the extent of non-foreign direct investment capital inflows, and government debt as a share of gross domestic product.     

Energy and CO2 emission relationships in the NAFTA trading bloc: a multi-regional multi-factor energy input–output approach

The North-America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has brought together the economies of Canada, Mexico, and the US into forming one of the largest trading blocs worldwide (within the top CO₂ emitters). However, the current global protectionist discourse threatens the agreement. This paper analyzes the energy and energy-related CO₂ emission relationships between NAFTA countries in 2014 to gain insights into the climate change implications of current integration and the possible cancelation of the agreement. The analysis is performed with a multi-regional version of the multi-factor energy input–output model. The results show that NAFTA has not built a single integrated energy system, though it has helped reduce energy-related CO₂ emissions. Moreover, if NAFTA is not revoked, further integration would depend on the capacity of the Mexican energy sector to converge to the performance of its trade partners’ energy sectors. Conversely, a broken deal would induce negative environmental externalities.     

企业ESG 履责的绿色生产力效应研究——基于绿色技术创新视角

论文选取2011-2020 年沪深A 股上市公司为研究样本,基于绿色技术创新视角,实证研究了企业ESG 履责的绿色生产力效应。研究发现,ESG 履责显著促进了企业绿色技术创新水平;机制检验发现,企业ESG 履责主要通过缓解财务约束,提升企业声誉,以及提高企业信息披露质量,促进绿色技术创新水平的提升;进一步基于“宏观——中观——微观”的多维异质性检验显示,当企业所处环境规制压力较高、所在行业竞争压力较大、以及企业人力资源基础较好时,ESG 对绿色技术创新的促进效应更为凸显。论文研究对新形势下构建绿色生产力体系、助力实现新质生产力发展提供有益启示。     

现代林业与生态经济林业理论和实践

试述现代林业的含义;浅释生态经济林业理论与推进现代林业建设的意义;通过分析中国森林生产力状况提出存在的矛盾,试论发展林业的主战场、由中央直接管理全国林业企业局、和建立集约化经营森林的制度与措施等发展森林生产力的意见。     

中国道路运输业营运效率动态分析——基于Malmquist生产力指数

本文运用基于非参数DEA的Malmquist生产力指数,对中国道路运输业在2000年至2004年期间的营运效率进行了分析和评价。研究结果显示,除了在2003年因受“非典”疫情的影响导致其营运效率明显下降之外,中国道路运输业在其他年份营运效率均表现为不同程度的提高,这表明中国道路运输业的生产力总体上呈现出改善的态势;然而,此期间中国道路运输业年均营运效率在降低,且几乎完全是由技术进步水平的降低所导致的,分析结论表明道路运输业的技术进步和营运效率的增长机制存在一定程度的不稳定性。     

我国地区全要素生产率与人力资本构成

考虑到人力资本组成部分的异质性,本文研究了全要素生产率(TFP)与人力资本构成的关系,并运用Dynamic Panel Data一阶差分GMM估计方法对1982—2004年我国28个省区市的面板数据进行了实证检验。实证结果表明,只有接受过高等教育的人力资本部分对TFP才有显著的促进作用。把人力资本分解为不同的组成部分有助于深化我们对TFP和人力资本的理解,还可以使我们对现有文献中人力资本与产出的一些争议提供解释。     

工业新增利润来源及其影响因素：基于企业数据的经验研究

本文利用企业数据，对我国1998-2005年工业企业的新增利润来源从不同角度进行了分析．并且进一步将收益率的变化分解为全要素生产率的变动和分配格局的变动．对正确理解这段时期工业利润率的变化提供了微观层面的解释。本文发现。在考察期内工业利润的增长是结构性的．重工业对工业利润增长贡献了70％以上：采掘业和原材料工业利润率提高的关键因素是产品价格的大幅上涨．而轻工业和机械工业收益率的改善主要来自于生产率水平的提高：工业部门平均工资水平增速小于GDP增速．行业间的工资水平差异较大．大部分劳动者的工资增速较慢．利润的高速增长很大程度上是以工资的缓慢增长为代价的。     

资本深化、产业结构与中国城市劳动生产率

提高城市化质量和劳动产出效率是中国未来经济发展的必然选择。然而目前关于城市劳动生产率的研究大多是基于发达国家城市化平稳期假定做出的,这与中国当前发展情境不符。本文在城市产出总量函数中引入了资本存量和产业结构变量,考察快速城市化时期的资本存量、劳动投入、产业结构和城市规模等关键经济变量对城市劳动生产率的影响。基于中国1995—2010年地级以上城市市辖区数据,本文发现:劳均资本存量、产业结构和城市规模等因素对中国城市劳动生产率的提升有显著作用,并且呈现阶段性和趋势性特征。总体上看,资本深化的作用最大但呈缓慢下降态势,产业结构和城市规模的作用为正且呈"倒U型"变动,而人口集聚呈"规模报酬递增",要素投入呈"规模报酬递减"现象。