地区间竞争、财政自给率和公有制企业民营化

相关文献认为 ,分权化改革导致的地区间竞争加剧引发了各地区的国有企业民营化进程。本文试图通过实证分析验证这一结论。本文的实证分析表明 ,地区间竞争加剧的确会推动相关地区国有经济民营化进程。但是由于 1 994年以来 ,地区间市场一体化水平基本没有提高 ,从而地区间竞争并没有明显加剧 ,因此 ,2 0世纪 90年代以来普遍展开的公有制企业改制进程主要不是由地区间竞争推动的。地方政府积极推动公有制企业民营化的主要动因来自于财政方面 ,来自于 1 994年分税制改革给地方政府造成的财政压力和预算约束硬化 ,来自于非国有经济发展、非国有经济比重提高对改善地方财政状况的显著作用。本文的实证分析表明 ,非国有经济比重的提高明显有助于提高地方财政自给率。     

伊春国有林权制度改革理论与实践的思考

伊春国有林权制度改革试点从其运作来看,虽然没有改变林地的国有性质,但却改变了林木的国有性质。原来的国有森林资源转为私人所有已经成为现实,其实质是国有林木私有化进程。我们坚决反对。理由有三：一是从理论到实践,都不支持私有化是提高林业效率的最佳途径;二是中国国有林业的突出问题并非产权的私有化;三是国有林权的改革并不能解决中国国有林业的长期可持续发展问题,反而在法律和制度并不匹配的情况下,会带来严重的恶果。     

中国港口民营化改革:进展、问题与对策

在目前全球化背景下,港口成为一国经济发展和区域经济竞争的承载体,也是全球供应链整合过程中的重要环节,如何通过深化港口改革来吸引投资,从而提升区域经济的发展速度和相关企业的竞争能力,成为我国港口面临的一个紧切问题。本文将在分析国外港口民营化情况的基础上,分析我国港口民营化改革进展和当前存在的问题,并对我国未来港口民营化改革提出了相应的建议。     

非私有化条件下农村征地中的权益均衡

农村征地中权益分配不均衡问题是由农村土地产权模糊和公权强制两个根源造成的。解决这个问题必须明晰农村土地产权和抑制公权。农村土地私有化作为理论上的权益均衡路径存在与现实约束条件的冲突,因而不具现实性。在非私有化条件下仍然存在农村土地产权明晰和抑制公权的可能,非私有化条件下,通过土地产权交易实现各方权益均衡是可能的,但这种权益均衡只能是一种相对均衡。将政府在土地交易获得的垄断利润用于建立、健全农村社会保障体系可以作为农村征地补偿的一种长期机制,而起到维持土地权益相对均衡稳定性的作用。     

西方公共产品理论回顾、反思与前瞻--兼论我国公共产品民营化与政府监管改革

回顾西方公共产品理论发展历程可见,对公共产品的研究,始于公共产品概念本身,发展到对公共产品供给模式的争论,延伸至围绕公共产品供给效率和监管效果展开的理论思辨与实践探索。不论是基于市场失灵考量的公共产品政府垄断供给模式,还是基于政府失灵考量的公共产品政府与市场的二元供给模式,亦或兼顾政府失灵和市场失灵建立的公共产品多元互动供给模式。显然,公共产品供给主体的选择,是一个当原有供给主体产生失灵问题即效率损失之后再对供给主体重新寻找和尝试的被动选择过程,因而造成的社会福利损失不言自明。因此,重塑政府与市场的关系,明确公共产品供给主体的选择标准,强化和完善对供给主体的监管政策,提升公共产品供给效率和监管质量,便成为题中应有之意,也是公共产品理论和政府监管改革下一步研究重点。     

Partial privatization in mixed duopoly

We investigate a quantity-setting duopoly involving a private firm and a privatized firm jointly owned by the public and private sectors. The private firm maximizes profits, while the privatized firm takes both profits and social welfare into consideration. We consider how many shares the government should hold in the privatized firm. We find that neither full privatization (the government does not hold any shares) nor full nationalization (the government holds all of the shares) is optimal under moderate conditions.     

地方政府意志与民营经济的发展:"温州模式"生成中的互惠性动力

20世纪最后20年,温州赶超式发展的良好表现得益于温州模式。在这场以制度先发性转型为标志的变革中,地方政府与温州民间改革力量之间存在着稳定的以"互惠"为基础的生产性政治关系。地方政府为自下而上的民间变革力量提供了关键的导引和护佑。这种内含地方政府意志的变革动力直接促使了传统体制在局部地区的消弭和瓦解,并最终经由集中式产权的分散和私有,完成计划配给向自由交易的回归。     

PRIVATIZATION OF WATER: EVALUATING ITS PERFORMANCE IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD

Private‐sector provision of water has been promoted in developing countries since 1990 in order to expand water service coverage to low‐income households. Decades later, the consequences of privatizing water utilities are still disputed. Some scholars have found that areas with privatized water services see positive development effects, while others contend that the private‐sector supply of a social good will always lead to its under‐provision. However, does more privatization of water provision in developing countries actually bring about more access to water? This paper hypothesizes that more private participation in water provision will not ensure more access to water at the national level. The relationship is tested using data on weighted percentages of private ownership of water utilities, and access to improved water sources from 1990 to 2015 across 62 countries. Multivariate OLS results indicate a positive relationship but with no statistical significance. 2SLS results, on the other hand, indicate a positive, small and statistically significant effect of water privatization on water access. Nonetheless, the causal mechanism behind these results must be further explored, given that the measured effect could be capturing the result of an increase in investment that is associated with private ownership of water utilities.     

Does Autonomy Matter in State Owned Enterprises? Evidence from Performance Contracts in India

Empirical evidence on the effect of managerial autonomy on the performance of state‐owned enterprises (SOE) is surprisingly scant despite autonomy being a preferred reform instrument over partial privatization in many countries. Using longitudinal data on performance contracts of state‐owned enterprises in India, this paper finds that managerial autonomy is associated with significant increases in enterprise profitability and efficiency. Further, using India's unique reform experience where both managerial autonomy and partial privatization were pursued side by side, the paper finds that while the positive effects of autonomy continue post‐partial privatization, the effects of partial privatization on performance are ambiguous. Specifically, once autonomy is controlled for, partial privatization has a positive effect on SOE profitability only after it crosses a critical level of government disinvestment. The findings suggest that organizational reforms such as granting managerial autonomy can be an important policy instrument in improving SOE performance particularly in cases where governments are unable to make substantial disinvestments.     

国企民营化后采购管理实证研究——以湖北汉光科技有限公司为例

以具体企业为例,分析了国企民营化后在采购管理方面存在的问题,并从供应商管理,信息化等角度,探讨了提高采购绩效,增强企业竞争力的对策。