Cost estimate of platelet transfusion in the United States for patients with chronic liver disease and associated thrombocytopenia undergoing elective procedures

Aims: This study aimed to estimate the cost of platelet transfusion in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD)-associated thrombocytopenia undergoing an elective procedure in the United States.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in two parts: development of a conceptual framework identifying direct, indirect and intangible costs of platelet transfusion, followed by the estimation of the total cost of platelet transfusion in patients with CLD-associated thrombocytopenia before an elective procedure in the United States using the conceptual framework and cost data obtained from a literature search. The cost of the entire care required to raise a patient’s platelet count before the procedure was considered.

Results: The final conceptual framework included the costs of generating the supply of platelets, the platelet transfusion itself, adverse events associated with platelet transfusion and refractoriness to platelet transfusion. When costs were accounted for in all the framework cost categories, the total direct cost of a platelet transfusion in a patient with CLD and associated thrombocytopenia was estimated to be in the range of $5258 to $13,117 (2017?US dollars) in the United States. The largest portion of costs was incurred by the transfusion event itself ($3723 to $4436) and the cost of refractoriness ($874 to $7578), which included the opportunity cost of a delayed procedure and subsequent platelet transfusions with human leukocyte antigen-matched platelets.

Limitations and conclusions: Although we were unable to include all cost components identified in the conceptual framework in our total cost estimate, thus likely underestimating the true total cost, and despite the data gaps and challenges limiting our estimate of the full cost of a platelet transfusion in patients with CLD-associated thrombocytopenia undergoing an elective procedure in the United States, this study outlines a comprehensive conceptual framework for estimating the cost elements of a platelet transfusion in these patients.     

Shareholder wealth responses to European legislation on bank executive compensation

This paper uses an event study approach to investigate the shareholder wealth responses to European legislation on bank executive compensation. Using a sample of 124 banks over 2009–2010 and over 20 legislative and related events, we find that in early stages bank shareholders react positively to broad discussion at the EU level on executive pay. When plans to regulate the pay process are considered, however, this results in a negative stockholder reaction. We also find that large bank shareholders are most affected by remuneration policy.     

自然人破产制度研究

自然人破产是破产制度的起源和基础,其他主体的破产制度是在自然人破产制度基础上发展来的。从我国市场经济发展与社会需求看,随着自然人介入市场程度的增加,出现了大量的债权债务关系,自然人由于经营上的原因或消费上的原因导致到期不能清偿债务的情况也随之大量增多,如何使债权人的债权得到公平实现,同时适当保护债务人的利益,单靠民事诉讼程序已无法解决这些问题,赋予自然人以破产能力,建立自然人破产制度成为我国现行破产立法的必然选择。     

中日土地征收程序对比研究

日本从1951年《土地征收法》颁布至今,已形成了规范的土地征收程序。中国正处于城市化快速发展时期,土地征收程序中存在的问题日益暴露出来。在系统总结中日现行土地征收程序的基础上,对中国现行土地征收程序存在的部分问题进行了深入探讨,并借鉴日本相关方面的成功经验,结合中国国情,对中国土地征收程序的进一步完善提出了相关建议,以期促进中国土地征收程序的不断完善。     

Does the law of one price hold in a high-inflation environment? A tale of two cities in Turkey

This study addresses the price convergence in two cities in Turkey (Istanbul and Ankara) using annual data over the three-quarters of the twentieth century (1922–1998), characterized by prevailing high inflation rates for most of the period. In contrast to the rest of the literature addressing convergence in price levels with a typical result of extremely slow convergence rates at best, we argue that convergence is much easier detected in growth rates rather than levels of prices. We suggest using the bounds testing procedure of Pesaran et al. (2001) for this purpose. We find a clear-cut evidence on the existence of a common driving force behind inflation dynamics in Istanbul and Ankara – a finding that is in contrast with the results typically reported in related literature.     

The Modeling Process for Stage Models

The purpose of this paper is to present and test a modeling procedure because researchers have struggled for decades to develop stages-of-growth models that are both theoretically founded and empirically validated. This article presents the concept and hypothesis of stages, the history of stage models, and a procedure that may serve as a useful tool in modeling stages of growth. Based on previous research and lessons learned from case study experience of the government sector in Norway, a procedure for the stages of growth modeling process is suggested and demonstrated. The procedure is used for developing a stage model for e-government interoperability. This article provides new insight into issues and challenges faced when engaging in stages of growth research. The paper proposes a new approach to stages of growth modeling. The utility of the suggested procedure is to improve theory building and empirical validation. The contribution to academia is the modeling process that can be applied in future developments of stages of growth. The contribution to practice lies in the stage hypothesis of organizational development over time.     

人文学科“研讨型”课程教学的探索与实践

在专业课程体系中设置"研讨型"课程,引导和培养学生自主学习能力和初步研究能力,打破了"教师讲、学生听"的传统教学模式。通过学生分小组学习与研究并主持专题研讨活动,把研究性学习模式融入其中,使教师主讲的课堂成为师生共同探究问题的场所,培养了学生的独立思考精神和语言表达能力。     

论我国民事证明标准的立法现状及完善

证明标准是证据法领域乃至诉讼法领域一个极其重要的概念,无论是对于当事人还是对于人民法院都意义重大。目前我国在民事证明标准的立法上存在着严重的冲突,而优势证据的证明标准乃是我国民事证明标准的理性选择,因此需要尽快通过立法修改等方式予以协调解决。     

国内焊接工艺评定标准的对比及差异

目前,我国用于焊接工程的常用材料,其焊接性已基本掌握,要确保焊接质量,施焊前应进行焊接工艺评定,以评定施焊单位是否有能力焊出符合相应规程、规范和产品技术条件所要求的焊接接头。然而,国内不同行业的产品对其焊接工艺评定规定却不太一致,本文通过对国内常用的焊接工艺评定标准的对比,发现其不同点,因而在实际中应用时根据不同的要求选用不同的焊接工艺评定标准。     

工程建设招投标全过程审计初探

在工程建设招投标活动中,存在着一些影响招投标公开、公平、公正的问题。要及时发现并纠正这些问题,一种行之有效的方式是对工程建设招投标活动进行全过程审计监督。本文介绍了工程建设招投标活动全过程审计监督的程序和内容,并提出了完善工程建设招投标全过程审计监督的配套措施。