人民币升值对我国银行业影响的实证分析

随着我国外汇业务的逐渐成熟,人民币升值的呼声愈来愈高,汇率的频繁波动已是无法避免。通过实证分析来具体量化汇率变动对商业银行所造成的正负面影响,进而分析人民币升值对我国银行业稳定性的影响程度。     

PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS AND JOB SATISFACTION: CLUSTERING ANALYSIS USING EVIDENTIAL C‐MEANS AND COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNIQUES

The psychological contract refers to an individual employee's belief in mutual obligations between them and their employer. Psychological contracts are a key management concern, as they can impact employees' attitudes and behaviors in ways that influence organizational efficiency and effectiveness. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between the psychological contract and facets of job satisfaction among non‐profit sector employees, using the nascent non‐hierarchical evidential c‐means (ECM) clustering technique. To date, this technique has been theoretically discussed but not widely applied. Based on the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence, ECM is novel in facilitating the assignment of objects, not only to single clusters, but to sets of clusters, and no clusters (outliers). The paper compares the theoretical underpinnings and findings from ECM with those of three other well‐known clustering techniques, namely (1) the hierarchical Ward's method, (2) the non‐hierarchical crisp k‐means and (3) the non‐hierarchical fuzzy c‐means approaches. We present and interpret the cluster solutions from each clustering technique. We establish three clusters differentiated by the content of the employees' psychological contracts. These clusters are validated by considering their relationship with facets of job satisfaction, to ensure the clusters are theoretically meaningful. Comparisons of the findings from each technique: (1) provide insights into the relationship between the psychological contract and job satisfaction; (2) reveal what ECM encompasses, relative to other clustering techniques; (3) inform the selection of an appropriate clustering technique for a specific research problem; and (4) demonstrate potential future directions in the development of cluster analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国粮食市场价格波动及应对措施——基于物流成本的视角

造成我国粮价波动的影响因素很多,包括国际粮食市场环境、国家粮食政策、国内粮食产量、粮食生产和流通成本等.在粮食行业中,物流成本的“效益背反”存在于企业物流活动的方方面面,如物流成本与服务水平“效益背反”、物流各功能之间(运输、储存、包装、装卸等)“效益背反”、全社会物流资源“效益背反”.针对目前我国粮食物流成本占粮食销售价格比重过大且一直居高不下的情况,必须制订科学合理的方案,对我国粮食仓储节点布局和粮食物流过程进行优化,通过信息共享平台削弱粮食供应链中的“牛鞭效应”,整合资源降低“效益背反”对粮食物流成本的负面影响,积极推广第三方粮食物流外包,完善基础性建设,以稳定粮食市场价格波动.     

网络易物的发展及盈利模式创新探析

易物随着互联网的发展在2006年又迅速崛起,但在不断发展中易物的主要盈利仍以广告为主,本文通过从高度细分客户、企业间密切合作、信息平台中介和增值服务等几个方面展开论述易物的多角化盈利模式,帮助易物解决单一盈利模式带来的发展困境。     

基于成本利润率的碳汇交易价格研究——以浙江省杉木林经营为例

本研究以浙江省中等立地水平的杉木林经营为例,从森林碳汇供给的视角,采用成本利润法来测算碳汇的供给成本,避免了造林成本法不区分林地的条件和类型缺陷。研究表明:碳汇供给的价格与林地的规模呈负相关,与预期的成本利润率呈正相关。在碳汇价格为18元/吨CO2e的价格水平下,经济理性的参与森林碳汇交易的最小经营规模为1 000.4 hm2。降低交易成本已经成为影响森林碳汇交易实现的关键。     

The Bakery: a cross-functional case study for introductory managerial accounting

This instructional case is designed to achieve four educational objectives: (1) to give students a more complete appreciation of the importance of considering accounting information along with marketing and economics-related information, avoiding a myopic focus on accounting data, (2) to give students practice in pricing, cost volume profit analysis (CVP) and outsourcing decisions, (3) to help students learn to build spreadsheets that are capable of what-if analysis, and (4) to provide an active learning experience that engages introductory accounting students. The Bakery is a non-profit organization whose primary function is to sell baked goods and beverages to students in a large campus residence hall complex. In completing the case, students utilize information provided about the costs and previous pricing structure of The Bakery, along with information they collect about competitors' product offerings, prices, and accompanying services, and their own knowledge of The Bakery's customers, college students and their parents, as a basis for making pricing decisions. Once they have completed the pricing analysis, students use the resulting variable costing income statement to perform CVP and to analyze a decision to potentially outsource The Bakery's operations.     

具有自营平台的制造商与零售商的竞争与合作模型

本文研究了由1个制造商和1个零售商组成的供应链中的竞争与合作定价问题,其中制造商具有平台直销渠道。本文建立了竞争下的Stackelberg博弈模型,并分析了解的唯一性和合理性,然后给出合作定价模型和各渠道的定价策略,结果表明制造商和零售商最优策略是降低线下渠道销售价格而线上平台销售价格不变。通过对比表明供应链合作所增加的收益等于非合作下零售商的收益,并证明了顾客对线下渠道购买偏好越高,合作所增加的收益越大。进一步地,分析了在合作的情况下制造商是否放弃通过平台直销渠道销售商品的问题,并给出双渠道下供应链总利润比单渠道下总利润高的判定条件。最后给出一个算例,对所获得的结论进行验证和补充。     

VMI系统对垄断竞争市场中厂商的影响

供应商管理用户库存（VMI）作为一种有效的补货机制,能对购买渠道的需求信息做出积极正确的反应。现在对VMI系统的研究往往集中于单个零售商和单个供应商组成的系统,不考虑VMI系统受市场上其他零售商或供应商的影响。一般来说,在独立的单个零售商和单个供应商、间导入VMI系统后,零售商在短期和长期内都能获利,而供应商的利润变化则是不确定的,供应商往往在短期内会损失利润,在长期内则会获利。文章研究表明,当零售商所处的市场为垄断竞争市场,在零售商和其对应的供应商间导入VMI系统后,零售商在短期内能获利,在长期内利润不变;而供应商在短期内获利的可能性要大于长期获利的可能性,这与单个零售商和单个供应商时的情形有很大的不同。     

对我国小产权房问题的认识——基于成本—效益分析

小产权房的兴起是近年来在全国各大城市周边越来越引人注目的一个社会现象。从实践层面来讲,小产权房是一场土地和房屋供应的革命,也是农民自我城市化的一场革命。文章采用一种基于成本效益比较的理论来解释当前的小产权房现象,最后提出了解决小产权房问题的对策建议。     

新疆公立医院采购支出与付款内部控制研究

公立医院在采购支出与付款内部控制中存在着诸多问题。因此,加强医院自身的内部控制,建立公立医院采购支出与付款内部控制行之有效的监督制约机制十分必要。本文以若干家公立医院调查数据为依据,采用实证分析的方法对有关问题进行了分析,得出有关研究结论,并对公立医院如何进一步加强采购支出与付款内部控制提出了建议。