中国可再生能源定价的SWOT分析与政策选择

利用SWOT方法从政策、市场、技术、社会等层面分析了影响我国可再生能源定价的各种因素,测算出我们发展可再生能源可减少CO2的排放量,并着重研究可再生能源发展对环境经济影响。在参考国外可再生能源发电对CO2排放量贡献和国内可再生能源发展现状基础上,采用灰色预测GM（1,1）模型测算出中国可再生能源在高、中、低发展目标水平下的CO2排放减少量。采用可计算的一般可均衡（CGE）模型测算发展可再生能源的宏观经济影响：发展可再生能源对中国GDP产生负向影响,但冲击并不大;另一方面,发展可再生能源可以显著减少CO2和SO2的排放,有利于降低单位GDP能耗。分析中国可再生能源定价中存在的主要问题,讨论中国政府现阶段的可再生能源定价的政策选择,最后就中国可再生能源的定价和发展提出相关的政策建议。     

中国青少年生殖健康可及性调查基础数据报告

目的是了解中国未婚青少年性与生殖健康的知识、态度和行为现状,评价青少年性与生殖健康服务的可得性与可及性,为改善青少年的性与生殖健康可及性提供政策支持。利用分层和概率比例规模抽样相结合的四阶段混合的抽样方法,用结构化问卷对15-24岁未婚青少年的三类子总体进行匿名一对一面访式调查。青少年整体缺乏全面正确的生殖健康知识,22.4%的青少年具有性经历。首次和最近一次性行为中,未采取任何避孕措施的比例分别为51.2%和21.4%。在有性经历的女性青少年中,怀孕率为21.3%,多次怀孕率为4.9%。书/杂志、同学/朋友、学校老师、网络以及电影/电视是青少年生殖健康知识的五大来源。学校课程对青少年的性与生殖健康知识具有积极作用,但青少年参加相关课程/讲座的比例不足40%。50%以上的咨询和治疗需求未实现。分析了原因,提出了对策和建议。     

柳州市城市供水方案探析

应用多元层次分析法,分别从柳州市自然概况、水资源开发利用现状及供水需求等方面进行了分析和总结,分析了积极开发其他水源工程建设的必要性,并提出了初步供水方案.同时,对柳州市城市供水施工条件、运行管理、环境影响和经济效益等诸多方面作了初步探讨.     

Productivity and R&D sources: evidence for Catalan firms

This paper draws on a sample of innovative Catalan firms to identify how two main sources of innovation – internal R&D and external R&D acquisition – affect productivity in the manufacturing and service industries. The sample comprises 1612 innovative firms from the fourth European Community Innovation Survey (CIS-4) during the period 2002–2004. We compare empirical results when applying the usual OLS and quantile regression techniques controlling with a non-parametric sample selection. Our results indicate the different patterns that are attributable to the two sources of innovation as we move up from lower to higher conditional quantiles. First, the marginal effect of internal R&D on productivity decreased as we moved up to higher productivity levels. Second, the marginal effect of external R&D acquisition increased as we moved up to higher productivity levels. Finally, empirical results show significant complementarities between internal and external R&D, which are higher for knowledge-intensive service sectors.     

A Path Analytic Model of Visitation Intention Involving Information Sources,Socio-Psychological Motivations,and Destination Image

Abstract

This study develops and tests a model to examine the organization of informational, motivational, and mental constructs on visitation intention in a path analytic framework. The findings indicated that variety (amount) and type of information sources used and socio-psychological travel motivations determine travelers' perceptual/cognitive evaluations that, in turn, form their affection (feelings) about tourist destinations. A traveler's intent to visit, then, is determined by a combination of perceptual/cognitive and affective evaluations, information sources used, and travel motivations. However, destination image (cognition and affect) appeared to mediate the relationship between visitation intention and stimuli (information sources) and consumer factors (socio-psychological travel motivations). Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed and future research areas are suggested to better understand travelers' destination selection process.     

Risk perception and risk management in Norwegian aquaculture

This exploratory study seeks to provide empirical knowledge about fish farmers' risk attitudes, risk sources and risk management tools by presenting the results from a survey among Norwegian fish farming companies. The results show that fish farmers think of themselves as only moderately risk averse compared, for instance, to crop and livestock farmers. The most important sources of risk are considered to be future salmon prices, institutional risks and fish diseases, while keeping costs low is the most important risk management tool.     

Exploring the relationships between knowledge sources in the innovation process: evidence from Finnish innovators

Innovation is a costly, risky, and uncertain process, and one of its most central components is knowledge as has been emphasised in the innovation literature. Notably, such knowledge tends to be distributed across different internal and external sources. That is, innovation processes involve diverse relationships between knowledge that originates from a myriad of different sources such as customers, suppliers and universities. While such relationships are distinctive to modern – distributed – innovation processes, little is still known about their implications on the search for new knowledge. This paper proposes that since the innovation process is inherently an uncertain and costly activity, a deeper understanding on the relationships between knowledge sources can help firms to better master the risks and costs related to their search activities. In other words, given that not all knowledge is equally combinable with each other, it claims that complementarities among knowledge sources increase the likelihood (over non-complementarities and substitutes) that such sources encompass mutually combinable knowledge, and hence decrease the uncertainties, risks and costs involved in distributed innovation processes.     

Pathways from discovery to commercialisation: using web sources to track small and medium-sized enterprise strategies in emerging nanotechnologies

This paper presents results from a pilot study of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) based on a web-scraping and content analysis of current and archived nanotechnology enterprise websites. We use this approach to explore nanotechnology SMEs transitions from discovery to commercialisation and understand how transitions vary by SME characteristics, technology and market sectors. Our findings suggest that although the idealised linear innovation model is present, important instances of divergence exist. Cluster analysis uncovered sectoral differences but even more distinctions based on the age, funding source, and research intensity.     

Adam Smith's use of multiple references for his pin making example∗

Abstract

At the beginning of The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith describes a pin factory. It is widely accepted that this example comes from Diderot's Encyclopaedia, published in France in the 18th century. The details in the text together with the conferences previously given in Glasgow clearly show that this one reference cannot be the only source. Three other French publications on pin making may also have been used as references for Adam Smith's text. Phrase by phrase these texts are compared to Smith's to support the assertion that he based his work on four previous French publications. The Wealth of Nations unites and synthesizes these different sources and excerpts those parts that confirm his theory. Smith should have listed his sources.     

AX与面粉品之间的关系

本采用不同品种的小麦为原料,首先通过测定小麦籽粒和面粉的品质特性及其阿拉伯木聚糖(AX)含量,对AX含量与小麦粉品质间的关系进行探讨。主要研究结果如下:(1)对小麦品质指标的测定,结果显示不同品种的小麦籽粒间存在较大的差异。面粉中AX含量与蛋白(r=0.27)、麸星含量(r=-0.16)存在存在一定的正相关,而AX含量与白度和降落数值存在微弱的负相关,面粉中AX中含量与面粉的吸水率、面团的形成时间、面团的稳定时间和弱化度呈弱相关性,相关系数分别是r=-0.34、r=0.27和r=-0.09;(2)不同的面粉中AX含量与峰值粘度呈显著负相关,与最低粘度、最终粘度呈弱负相关,当面粉中AX含量增加时,峰值粘度、最低粘度、最终粘度都会降低;峰值粘度与最低粘度、最终粘度呈显著正相关。