Foresighting FLOSS (free/libre/open source software) from a developing country perspective: The case of Turkey

Since free/libre open source software (FLOSS) promotes collaboration and contributions from different parties in software production and innovation processes, it can create a unique opportunity for developing countries, by generating an innovative capability in software technology. To benefit from this opportunity, it is important to understand the strategic factors and future trends that affect the development of an efficient FLOSS economy in developing countries.This paper aims to examine the strategic factors and future trends that are likely to affect the development and deployment of FLOSS in Turkey. Based on the internal and external factors identified through the practice of technological foresight, a SWOT analysis will be carried out to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for Turkey in creating a competitive software industry that can benefit from the advantages of FLOSS. Accordingly, with regard to the required technical infrastructure, an innovative/competitive business climate, skilled human resources and support for institutional structures, policy suggestions are outlined here that could be usefully implemented by government, industry and universities.     

自恋型领导的双面特质对员工组织公民行为的作用机制——一个被调节的中介效应模型

基于51位主管和438名员工的配对问卷调查数据,采用层次回归分析法,探讨了员工的心理授权在自恋型领导与员工组织公民行为间的传导机制,并分析了员工主动性人格的调节作用。结果表明:自恋型领导的双面特质对员工的组织公民行为具有显著影响;员工的心理授权在自恋型领导影响员工组织公民行为的过程中起中介作用;员工的主动性人格调节了自恋型领导通过员工心理授权影响员工组织公民行为的中介作用。     

留守儿童心理问题的战略应对

留守儿童是我国近年来出现的一个热点和突出社会话题,其特定的身份及经历易产生消极的心理问题,已引起了很多心理学者的关注。积极心理学是20世纪在西方兴起的新的研究思潮,主张挖掘和培养人的积极心理品质,以应对生活的挑战和压力。本文基于积极心理学的相关研究成果,针对留守儿童的一些特定心理问题,提出了相应的干预措施,以期有助于留守儿童心理健康水平的提高。     

琵琶教学中舞台实践能力的培养

琵琶是在舞台上与听众交流的艺术,是以舞台演奏为终极目的。舞台紧张与表演恐惧就像魔鬼一样可怕,它无时无刻地影响和制约着我们在台上正常水平的发挥。因此琵琶教学中,舞台实践能力的培养是不可缺少的重要环节。文章从舞台实践能力中必备的心理条件以及舞台实践能力训练的具体方法两大方面论述了琵琶教学中舞台实践能力的培养。     

Current issues and research trends on open-source software communities

Open source software (OSS) projects represent a new paradigm of software creation and development based on hundreds or even thousands of developers and users organised in the form of a virtual community. The success of an OSS project is closely linked to the successful organisation and development of the virtual community of support group. This paper reviews different fields and research topics related to the OSS communities such as collective intelligence, the structure of OSS communities, their success, communities as virtual organisations, motivation, shared knowledge, innovation and learning. The main challenges, results obtained, and the knowledge areas are detailed for each topic.     

基于农业非点源污染控制的流域综合管理对策

流域综合管理是从整体上控制农业非点源污染、协调流域上下游环境经济社会发展、实现流域农业可持续发展的有效途径。本文以福建九龙江流域为例，通过分析农业非点源污染产生的系统过程、分布特征、控制环节、制约因素、控制步骤等内容，探讨以不同等级汇水区为单位实行流域综合管理的必要性，阐述了组成流域综合管理体系的经济、环境、社会政策措施。     

Anti‐immigration policy in the destination country and skilled–unskilled wage inequality in a source economy with or without unemployment

This paper is aimed at theoretically examining the consequence of the anti‐immigration policy adopted in the destination country on the skilled–unskilled wage inequality in a source nation using a couple of two‐sector, specific‐factor general equilibrium models in both the presence and absence of unemployment. Emigration requires incurring some capital cost for professional skill formation on the part of every prospective emigrant that adds to the opportunity cost of emigration. The authority of the destination country determines the number of visas to be granted and hence directly controls the magnitude of skilled emigration from the source country. In the migration equilibrium, the expected skilled wage income abroad is equal to the opportunity cost of emigration. In both the presence and absence of unemployment of unskilled labor, the outcome of the policy on the wage inequality crucially hinges on both the magnitude of the fixed cost of emigration and the technological factors. In the specific‐factor Harris–Todaro model, the degree of imperfection in the unskilled labor market is an additional factor. Finally, some policy recommendations have been made for protecting the interest of the poor unskilled workforce.     

基于六类型信任模型的中国企业不信任问题应对策略研究

企业中不信任现象的存在导致企业运行成本和管理成本增加.美国著名企业信任研究专家R.M.Kramer博士的六类型信任模型所揭示的先天性信任、历史性信任、以第三方为中介而建立的信任、相同社会范畴信任、角色信任和社会规则信任在我国企业中同样存在.同时,中国文化中的"关系"也影响着中国企业中的信任水平,这使Kramer信任模型在中国信任研究与运用中存在一定的局限性.基于对企业不信任现象影响因素的深入剖析,笔者提出了应对策略,以期帮助我国管理者提高建立高信任度企业的理论水平与技能水平.     

心理所有权的非均衡发展及其影响效应研究

本文在组织心理所有权的基础上提出工作心理所有权,研究两者分别对组织行为的影响,以及两者之间的非均衡发展对组织行为的影响。经过理论分析和实证检验,本文认为,组织心理所有权和工作心理所有权都可以解释组织承诺、工作满意度、OCB和角色外行为等,但工作心理所有权的解释能力更强。心理所有权在组织和工作层面存在显著差异,呈现非均衡发展的现象。当心理所有权的这种非均衡发展超过一定限度之后,较强的工作心理所有权和较低的组织心理所有权降低了组织承诺和工作满意度,并对OCB和角色外行为产生不利影响。本文在这些研究的基础上,进一步解释了心理所有权"阴暗面"的产生机制,分析了可能产生的员工消极行为并提出了相应的对策建议。     

Pragmatism, not ideology: Historical perspectives on IBM’s adoption of open-source software

We track IBM’s approach to software production and commercialization between 1950 and the present. We find that in the 1950s IBM followed what today would be called an open-source model – its software source code was open, free of charge, and written collaboratively with its users. By the mid 1980s, all of these attributes had been reversed – IBM’s software was closed source, sold or leased independently of hardware sales, and written without the collaboration of its users. More recently, the company has been in a state of transition, achieving a balance between free, open-source software and proprietary software that still generates 20% of its revenues. We interpret these radical swings in light of the substantial changes that have taken place since the 1950s in the costs and benefits of open source, bundled, and collaborative software vis-à-vis the alternatives.