Entrepreneurship: The Role of Clusters Theoretical Perspectives and Empirical Evidence from Germany

This paper is about the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. Defining entrepreneurship as the creation of new organisations and clusters as a geographically proximate group of interconnected firms and associated institutions in related industries, this paper aims to answer three research questions : first, do clusters matter to entrepreneurship at the regional level? Second, if clusters are associated with different levels of entrepreneurship, what explains those differences? Third, what do the answers to the previous questions imply for academics and policy makers? To answer these questions, this paper distinguishes between clusters and industrial agglomerations and advances a theoretical model and empirical research to explain the impact of clusters on entrepreneurship at the regional level. This paper uses the 97 German planning regions as units of analysis to test the hypotheses. Using hypotheses testing and OLS fixed-effects model, this paper finds that clusters do have an impact on entrepreneurship at the regional level, but industrial agglomerations do not. Implications for academics and policy makers and suggestions for future research are given in the concluding section.     

上市公司会计信息失真的原因及对策

上市公司严重的会计信息失真问题 ,已成为困扰我国经济体制改革与发展的难题。我们要从上市公司所处的证券市场环境 ,公司治理结构 ,社会监督体系这三个方面来分析上市公司会计信息失真的原因 ,并采取相应的对策 :发展多元化的上市公司再融资方式 ,规范上市公司行为 ,完善公司治理结构 ,加强注册会计师行业建设等。     

Consumer Believability of Information in Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) Advertising of Prescription Drugs

Direct to consumer (DTC) advertising has attracted significant research attention, yet none has focused on empirical assessments of its overall impact on U.S. consumers nationally, and tying assessment to relevant behavioral outcomes. This paper addresses the ethical issue of DTC advertising providing a balance of product and risk information that is both understandable and believable, and contributes direction to those exploring this phenomenon. Richard F. Beltramini is currently Professor of Marketing in the School of Business Administration at Wayne State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin, and served on the faculty of Arizona State University for fifteen years. His teaching interests include advertising and marketing management, research, and strategy. His primary research focus is on the believability of marketing communications information, and he has published in the Journal of Advertising, Journal of Advertising Research, Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing, and a variety of other journals, conference proceedings, and books as well as co-editing Gift Giving: A Research Anthology. Dr. Beltramini has served on the Editorial Review Boards of a number of academic journals, as guest editor of special issues of the Journal of Business Ethics and the International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, as international president of the American Academy of Advertising, as a member of the American Advertising Federation's National Academic Committee and several other professional and business organizations, and is active as a consultant to several international organizations. He is the recipient of several national competitive grants and awards for his teaching and research, including the National Science Foundation, is the only faculty recipient of both his school’s Excellence in Research and Excellence in Teaching awards, and is currently the first Board of Visitors Faculty Fellow. Prior to academe, Dr. Beltramini worked for Texas Instruments, Inc. and The Drawing Board, Inc., both in Dallas, and he has also worked as a Visiting Research Professor for J. Walter Thompson Advertising in Chicago, Honeywell Information Systems in Phoenix, and the Federal Trade Commission in Washington, D.C.     

制度创新与广交会发展研究

广交会自1957年建成以来在各级领导关心下已经历了45年的发展壮大,取得了丰硕的成果,在国内外享有盛名。然而,由于其本身还存在不少缺陷,加之受到国内外展览业的强劲挑战,迫切要求加快广交会的改革。利用新制度经济学的基本原理,对广交会的内外环境作了详尽分析,认为广交会要保持领先地位,必须加强制度创新。     

Relationship between the curriculum system and the understanding of nutritional terms in elementary school children

To clarify the relation between the curriculum system and the understanding of nutrition terms, 944 students aged 8–12 years living in Japan, the USA and the UK, were asked about the recognition, medium for recognition, and understanding of nutrition terms. The effect of nutrition education from an early stage in elementary schools in the UK and the USA was confirmed. These results suggest the possibility of beginning nutrition education earlier in the elementary school in Japan. American students had paid attention to food labels. These results showed that a learning and teaching strategy founded on comprehensively based subjects in the USA had influenced good behaviour for dietary life. On the other hand, there was not a relationship between an understanding of nutrition terms and a developmental stage. Many students in three countries were influenced by television commercials to buy candy or soda. We think that it is important to develop a curriculum that includes practical learning and ensures hours of teaching for the purpose of acquirement of nutritional knowledge. It is also necessary to encourage critical thinking skills to evaluate television commercial messages through school lessons.     

Institutional Impediments to Voluntary Ethics Measurement Systems

In this paper, we argue that calls for widespread implementation of ethics measurement systems would be better informed by institutional economic analysis. Specifically, we assert that proponents of such systems must first recognize and understand the institutions that potentially impede such efforts. We identify two potential institutional impediments to measuring ethics and social responsibility. First, we suggest that neoclassical economics, supported by traditional business education and legal precedent, serves to reinforce the notion that shareholders are the primary corporate constituency group. Such an emphasis on the needs of shareholders severely hinders implementation of measurement systems that address the needs of multiple stakeholder groups. Second, we argue that the threat of litigation may constrain corporate managers from measuring and considering ethics and corporate social responsibility matters. In particular, managers may be reluctant to quantify various ethical concerns if the resulting measurements could be used as evidence against the corporation in a lawsuit.     

上市公司成长性的实证研究

上市公司的成长性与广大投资者、公司债权人、证券监管机构等都有着十分密切的关系。从某种意义上来说,公司的利润增长率比其利润本身更为重要。投资于某公司的股票,实际上是投资于公司的未来。因而,上市公司的成长性问题成为证券投资分析理论与实践中的一项十分重要的内容。运用相关分析、回归分析和方差分析等方法对上市公司的成长性与上期多项财务指标的关联性进行了探讨。     

上市公司关于新股发行募集资金使用的信息披露研究

上市公司良好的会计信息披露是资本市场健康运行的重要内容。从募集资金使用的角度对我国上市公司会计信息披露行为进行研究,提出信息披露的三个动机,包括公布好消息、再融资和降低代理成本。对我国股票市场1995～2000年上市的418家A股上市公司进行实证检验,发现以上三个动机对上市公司的会计信息披露行为都有影响,其中再融资动机的影响最为显著。     

基于CAIV的公共基础设施投资管理理论研究

随着经济的迅速发展,公共基础设施对经济增长的瓶颈约束越来越严重。针对基础设施建设需求与政府公共预算资金之间的巨大缺口问题,吸收美国武器装备采办中的CAIV技术的精华,以形成可以指导公共基础设施投资管理的理论体系,研究该理论体系所应蕴涵的主要核心内容及其未来需要的方向。     

驰名商标权人责任承担的法经济学思考

驰名商标的保护源于《保护工业产权巴黎公约》,之后各国对驰名商标进行专门保护,《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》更是为驰名商标提供了全面、广泛的保护,并要求各国法律对驰名商标提供特殊保护。很显然,按照权利与义务对等的法律原则,享受特殊保护的驰名商标权利人,是否应当承担较普通商标权人更多的义务。