预防医学在社区卫生服务中的运用探讨

目的:探讨预防医学在社区卫生服务中的运用效果。方法:将该地区的社区卫生服务工作分成两个阶段,对两个阶段居民对环境卫生、食品卫生、劳动卫生、心理卫生等相关知识的掌握、年家庭食物中毒发生例数以及对社区卫生服务工作的满意度情况进行比较。结果:第二阶段的居民相关知识掌握、年家庭食物中毒发生例数、社区卫生服务工作满意度明显优于第一阶段,均具有显著性差异,P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论:预防医学在社区卫生服务中具有重要地位,可显著提高社区居民的健康水平,应继续扩大预防医学在卫生服务中的应用范围,提高人民预防疾病发生的意识。     

西方规划理论新思潮与社会公平

对西方规划理论新思潮中可能促进资源公平配置的相关方面进行评述,对比其各自特点,理清相互间的逻辑联系,明确权力制衡下公众参与的基础作用以及联络性规划、新城市主义理论在规划方法层面上的创新,并在分析我国特定规划背景的前提下,探索这些理论对于中国城市规划促进社会公平的启示和可能的实践指导。     

城市医院与社区卫生服务机构互动合作模式的选择——基于关系租金视角

随着我国新型两级医疗卫生服务体系的建立,构建两级医疗卫生服务体系间的良好互动体系,成为新型医疗卫生服务体系研究的焦点。本文从经济组织的关系租金视角,对城市医院与社区卫生服务机构的互动合作模式选择问题进行探索性研究。研究结论表明,建立长期关系导向的互动合作模式是最优模式,组建医院集团的互动合作模式,是一种帕累托改进结果。     

浅谈价值工程在市政工程项目管理中的运用

市政工程项目价值工程管理是一种价值为导向的有组织的创作性活动,利用管理学的基本原理和方法,以建设项目利益相关者的利益实现为目标,增加项目,系统或服务的价值,最终最大限度地实现项目利益相关者的满意度。     

煤炭企业技术岗位公开竞聘存在问题及对策

以山东能源临矿集团为例,介绍了临矿集团为解决人才断崖问题,推行技术岗位和管理岗位"双通道"人才晋升发展的模式情况,并对在岗位公开竞聘中存在的问题进行分析,提出了实施适当轮岗交流、健全和完善"管理、技术、技能"3个通道等人力资源优化配置的相关对策。     

Positive and negative synergies between the CEO's and the corporate board's human and social capital: A study of biotechnology firms

This paper contributes to the corporate governance literature by developing and testing theory regarding positive and negative synergies between the CEO's and the board's human and social capital. Using a sample of 360 biotechnology firms that went public between 1995 and 2010, we demonstrate that accumulated public company board experiences of the CEO and the board have positive synergistic effects on IPO performance whereas the current board appointments have negative effects. While scientific educational backgrounds have positive synergies, industry‐specific experiences produce either positive or counterproductive effects depending on the age and profitability of the firm. Thus, our paper contributes to the corporate governance and human and social capital literatures by describing the costs and benefits of specific types and combinations of CEO and board capital. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using users: When does external knowledge enhance corporate product innovation?

Prior research on corporate innovation highlights the importance of accessing external knowledge from other firms and universities. However, survey evidence indicates that product users are perhaps the most important source of external knowledge. We build on existing theory to identify the conditions under which user knowledge contributes to corporate innovation and when the benefits will be greatest. Using a panel dataset of medical device companies and their collaborative efforts with innovative physicians, we find evidence that inventive collaborations with users enhance corporate product innovation and that the benefits are greatest in new technology areas and in the generation of radical innovations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Conditions influencing the adoption of a soda tax for public health: Analysis of the French case (2005–2012)

Although over 40 jurisdictions have adopted a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) for public health worldwide, it is still debated in many places. Policy processes can influence the prospect of an SSB tax, its design and its public health benefits. To get an insight into such processes, we undertook a case study of the soda tax enacted in France on the 1^st of January 2012. Newspaper articles (2003–2013) and institutional documents (2007–2012) were identified using keywords and search engines. Qualitative data extraction and analyses were performed on a thematic and chronological basis, with guidance from Kingdon’s multiple streams theory (MST). Triangulation was enhanced by using complementary sources. This study shows that in August 2011, the French government surprisingly announced a €3.58 cent/L excise tax on SSBs, excluding juices with no added sugars and non-calorically sweetened beverages (NCSBs). As part of a large budgetary plan, the proposal aimed to reduce SSB consumption and raise revenue that was earmarked for health care. Several conditions contributed to opening a policy window: The announcement occurred in the context of severe budgetary deficits; soda tax scenarios had already been discussed at a high level; and the bill was supported by convinced political leaders. Subsequently, the tax successfully passed through the legislative process due to a series of unexpected events, but its public health rationale and design were weakened. The first event was the disorganised reaction by the food industry, despite their sharp opposition to the tax. The next event was the support of the soda tax that came from a majority of Deputies, provided that the revenues would serve another purpose: relieving wage costs in the farming sector. Finally, policy entrepreneurs favoured a compromise to make the tax politically acceptable and legally viable: The tax rate doubled, the scope was extended to NCSBs and revenues were split between health care and agriculture. This study sheds light on influence factors that could be taken into account by public health actors willing to influence soda tax policy processes.     

Collaborative approaches to public sector innovation: A scoping study

In the last 15 years, European countries have invested considerable resources to provide e-government services. Despite of its increasing availability, its level of adoption has not been satisfying. On the other hand, over the last years, coinciding with the web 2.0 trend, the e-government services co-produced by citizens start to appear, often without the support, acknowledgement and even awareness of the government. This trend stems from a well-established tradition of offline co- production of public services, i.e. services provided by the voluntary sector, but brought to an unprecedented scale thanks to the advent of web 2.0. Still, the concept remains not well-defined and its impact is not yet well studied. The paper explores on a limited sets of cases what does it mean to collaboratively deliver online public services; what are the success factors based on the cases under study and what are the incentives for service providers (other than public administration), citizens as users and public administration. The authors propose an ostensive definition of the collaborative delivery of public services: collaborative public services are created and run by government, civil society or by private sector building on the re-use of government data or citizens data. Those services are focused on public goods delivery (e.g. health, education, public transport) and are meant to change the traditional government services by engaging in an open dialogue with public administration about the best way to deliver those services. The analysis of six case studies of innovative collaborative online public services suggests that the online collaborative public service delivery increases its quality with the users׳ growth contrary to the traditional offline service delivery. The study results indicate that the current developers interest lies in delivering complementary services to the government run services rather than substitutive services. The authors propose also the initial list of success factors, enabling conditions, and benefits for all main stakeholders (users, innovators and public administration).