Using users: When does external knowledge enhance corporate product innovation?

Prior research on corporate innovation highlights the importance of accessing external knowledge from other firms and universities. However, survey evidence indicates that product users are perhaps the most important source of external knowledge. We build on existing theory to identify the conditions under which user knowledge contributes to corporate innovation and when the benefits will be greatest. Using a panel dataset of medical device companies and their collaborative efforts with innovative physicians, we find evidence that inventive collaborations with users enhance corporate product innovation and that the benefits are greatest in new technology areas and in the generation of radical innovations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中、美绿道建设与维护机制比较研究

当前绿道作为一种新兴的城市建设理念在我国方兴未艾,然而其建设与维护尚处于起步阶段,存在一些亟待解决的问题。本文通过对比中美之间在绿道建设的资金、建设主体与建设过程等方面存在的差异,分析我国当前建设中存在的不足和未来可能面对的问题,在此基础上提出完善绿道建设的一些建议。     

英语教学中需要倾注人文关怀

英语教学要面向全体学生,关注学生的情感和潜能的发挥。多年以来,很多学校学生经过初中三年的英语学习,实际效果并不好,很重要的一个原因在于长期以来,在教学实践中片面重视知识传授和认知能力的发展,忽视具有动力作用的情感,影响学生学习的积极性。由此可见英语教学中还需要对学生倾注更多的人文关怀。     

嘉兴市城乡一体化供水的多源流分析

嘉兴市境内没有合格的水源,是一个水质性缺水的地区。为解决城乡居民饮用水问题,嘉兴市政府提出实施城乡一体化供水工程。该文用多源流理论分析了嘉兴城乡一体化供水政策的形成过程。其中的问题流,地表水污染严重,群众饮用水安全存在隐患,地面沉降严重;方案流,基础设施建设适度超前,公共财政增长迅速;政治流,政府领导关注,政策层面和社会各界的压力;而国家领导人的批示,带来了政治流的强化,从而打开了政策窗。     

Price Discrimination and Pricing to Market Behavior of Canadian Canola Exporters

The role of exchange rate fluctuation on the pricing behavior of Canadian canola exporters to Japan, Mexico, and the U.S. is examined using a model identifying noncompetitive and exchange rate related pricing behavior. Price discrimination was identified for Canadian canola exports to the three destinations over the period of 1993–99. Results also suggest that Pricing to Market strategies were employed for Japanese imports. Canadian canola exporters used local currency price stabilization to dampen the effects of relative price changes in the Japanese currency, perhaps linked to the large size of Japanese imports relative to Mexico and the U.S.     

Interim Realities

Abstract

This paper presents findings from a study of information technology implementation practices in National Health Service hospitals in England. The results suggest that there is a general direction of travel, which involves the progressive linking together of individual systems, so that they are interoperable. We argue that the findings are consistent with meta-governance arguments, but that it is necessary to complement this perspective with an understanding of the nature of information technologies in order to understand them properly. We suggest that ‘interim systems’ will be the reality on the ground for many health care organizations for the foreseeable future.     

权责发生制政府会计改革的国际比较与经验借鉴

分析了各国权责发生制政府会计改革模式，并且进行比较分析各国的权责发生制实施程度和特征的不同之处；然后从环境角度说明政府会计改革的必性；最后借鉴各国政府会计改革的经验为我国提供参考。     

公共基础课教学方法改革之探究

为培养适应生产、建设、管理、服务第一线需要的高技能性人才,高等职业院校公共基础课教育教学改革的重要性不言而喻,而开展公共基础课教育教学改革必须开展教学方法的改革。作为高职院校教师,需要不断更新教育教学观念,加强学习,积极探索行之有效的教学方法,在日常的教学和教科研活动中将教改的理念贯彻始终。     

扩大北京市城市建设资金来源发行城市建设债券势在必行

作者认为，扩大北京市城市建设资金来源，发行城市建设债券势在必行，并对市政债券的用途，发行债券可能带来的问题及需要解决的问题进行了分析。