扩大内需政策的效率审视

我国扩大内需政策拉动了投资需求,却难以启动消费需求,其效率低下。政策之所以低效既有内因也有外因,内因是政策缺陷,主要表现为政策缺乏可行性、针对性、必要的力度以及积极财政政策的固有弊端,外因是不理想的制度环境,表现为与消费活动三个基本构成要素消费主体、消费客体及消费环境相关的制度或体制问题,包括不合理的收入分配制度、易导致产品同质化的行政区经济管理体制和重工轻农的财政投资体制。要提高扩大内需政策的效率,就要注意政策行为的科学性,并推进各相关制度的改革。     

河南省地区经济差距的历史分析

改革开放近30年来,河南省各地区居民的收入水平普遍得到较大幅度的提高,但各地区之间的经济发展差距却在逐步拉大。一方面,郑州、焦作等依托省会城市或者资源优势经济得到较快发展;另一方面,信阳、驻马店等革命老区或者传统平原农业区经济增速缓慢。日益扩大的地区经济差距显然会影响资源配置效率及长期经济增长的质量,对整个河南经济发展的的可持续性带来不利影响,甚至会影响社会的安定团结。因此对河南省地区差距的度量研究显得尤为必要,但这方面的实证研究往往停留在简单的数据列举上,缺乏全面性和深入的定量分析。笔者试图以近几年河南省统计局发布的年鉴数据为基础,对河南省的地区差距作出较为全面的测度。     

供应商选择问题中单产品采购量分配模型

研究了在随机需求和增量价格折扣条件下的单产品采购量分配模型。针对供应商选择问题中广泛存在的多目标性以及目标的模糊性,提出了一种用于解决该类问题的模糊多目标规划模型。结合一个算例找到了给定条件下各供应商的采购量分配的最优方案,归纳出了求解该问题的过程与步骤,验证了模型的有效性与可行性。     

Demand under product differentiation: an empirical analysis of the US wine market*

Oversupply has led to a number of perplexities for the Australian wine industry in recent times. When disaggregated from the industry level, however, the problem can be better described as a range of attribute‐specific disequilibria. To date, the solutions to this problem have predominantly revolved around supply‐side policies of reducing output through crop thinning or vine pulling. By contrast, this paper focuses on the demand side and argues that the disequilibria may be reduced by gaining a better understanding of the demand for Australian wine. A discrete choice model of product differentiation is used to estimate the demand for wine in Australia's second largest export market, the United States. Implications of the analysis are explored.     

基于供需框架的中小企业贷款难及破解方法研究

通过分别从中小企业自身的在贷款条件方面的弱点和银行对中小企业贷款的供给上机制上分析了中小企业贷款难的问题，并结合供需两方面，分析了银行不同于一般企业和贷款不同于一般实物商品的特点，认为利用利率这个价格杠杆来解决供需矛盾是不可行的，进而提出了中小企业贷款难的短期、中期、长期解决办法。     

VERTICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

The paper analyses the effects of income concentration on the behaviour of a duopoly with vertical product differentiation and uncovered market. By using a trapezoid distribution, we solve explicitly for market equilibrium as a function of a mean preserving spread of the income distribution. We show that overall more concentrated incomes imply stronger product differentiation, as the presence of a large share of middle‐income consumers stimulates a price competition, whose effects are dampened through an enlargement of the quality spread. While the high‐quality advantage and market coverage increase unambiguously in the degree of income concentration, the behaviour of prices is non‐monotone in the distribution parameter.     

Price formation in tourism industry branches

To examine the pricing behavior of suppliers of holiday goods and services, a margin approach, originally developed to explain price formation in service industries, has been applied to different sectors of the tourism industry, using Dutch data. The fundamental idea of the margin approach is that both cost and demand factors influence price formation. The specific market situation is supposed to determine the extent to which changes in cost factors can be passed on to consumers. Despite difficulties with the quality of data, the results can be characterized as promising.     

当前的教育培训及其实施

本文通过对当今国内教育培训市场现状的分析，从组织的角度对教育培训所需的必要资源及教育培训的策划组织、顾客培训需求的识别、培训实践、效果跟踪和顾客关系的维护管理等，提出了的一些看法。     

On some noncentral distribution problems for the mixture of two normal populations

Summary The null density of the multiple correlation coefficient when sampling from a mixture of two normal populations has been derived by Srivastava (1983). However, he does not express this density in a rather standard form. The present paper obtains the nonnull densities of the multiple correlation coefficient and the partial correlation coefficient in a rather standard form when sampling from a mixture of two normal populations.     

自由贸易条件下企业营销策略的基本走向

为有效应对环境变化带来的风险,抓住由此带来的发展机会,企业应当适时地审视自由贸易条件下的营销策略.对于面临着外国倾销、反倾销和保障措施等多重阻击的中国企业来说,必须明确满足和创造消费者是决定其营销策略的基本导向,约束价格竞争是其实现良性发展的基础,通过营销持续创新实行非价格竞争,有助于形成竞争与合作并存的局面,进而实现企业发展的良性循环.