“软政绩”评价体系下农村社会救助及配套资源效率评估

从制度的层面分析了财政对社会救助制度的转移支付政策目标与效率评估的内在有机联系;利用DEA二次相对效益模型对社会救助转移支付绩效做了评估;从社会救助基金配置和财政社会救助基金支出效率提升等方面,构建了财政对社会救助转移支付绩效评估指标结构体系;结合中国29省份的社会救助相关指标样本的经验分析结果,认为随着中国政府职能的逐渐转变,应摒弃部分旧的评估指标,并建立新的绩效评估体系来完善和提高财政对社会救助转移支付效率.     

薪酬差距、相对剥夺感知及企业绩效研究

文章通过在员工效用函数中加入相对剥夺权重函数以体现薪酬差距主观感受对于效用的影响,并建立反映劳资双方目标利益与最优决策的博弈模型,最终形成用以分析薪酬差距对于员工努力和企业绩效影响的整合模型。通过比较静态分析可知,相对剥夺感知的存在将通过促进员工努力的方式提高企业产出,这表明因预先宣布薪酬差距所导致的员工相对剥夺感受对薪酬差距激励效果存在强化效果。     

“省直管县”弱化了资源的城市偏向性配置吗?———财政转移支付视角简

中国长期存在的“城乡二元分治”制度导致资源配置呈现明显的城市偏向特征,加剧了城乡不平等,也不利于社会和谐。基于财政转移支付的视角,文章研究发现,“省直管县”改革通过以下两个机制扭转了资源的城市偏向性配置：第一,“省直管县”改革提高了县乡经济发展激励,增加了县乡公共服务支出责任并提高了县级地区资金匹配能力,有利于县乡在既有分配规则下获取更多的财政转移支付。第二,“省直管县”改善了基层政府的财政地位,减少了上级政府的资金截留;同时使县辖区公共需求向上的传递渠道更加顺畅,从外部环境上为其获得更多的财政转移支付创造了条件。此外,多维度的检验也为深入了解财政转移支付分配规则的缺陷以及如何增进财政转移支付分配的公平性提供了经验证据。     

Offshoring and employment structure in the EU periphery: the case of Spain

The effects of offshoring of production have received a great deal of interest due to their implications on labour markets. However, the main theoretical predictions related to this issue are not always fulfilled in the empirical analysis; according to the Stolper–Samuelson theorem, there seems to be unanimous support for its effects in advanced countries whose production is relocated but not at all for recipient economies of the same. Additionally, there is a lack of empirical evidence in countries specialized in unskilled-labour tasks which are, at the same time, economies with higher relative wages in a global framework such as the Spanish economy. In this sense, the aim of this article is to analyse the effects of material offshoring in the relative composition of employment in the Spanish manufacturing industry during the period 1990–2007. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of immigrant labour and the temporary employment rate due to its increasing relevance in the Spanish economy during the period analysed. Using a generalized methods of moments (GMM) approach, our results suggest that, as opposed to most developed countries, offshoring in Spain has favoured the demand for blue-collar workers. In addition, we confirm that the increase in immigration and the increasing use of temporary contracts have enlarged the share of low-skilled workers.     

中美制造业双边贸易对美国相对工资差距的影响研究*

在新古典贸易理论一般均衡的框架之下,运用1997-2014年中美两国的投入产出、贸易和工资数据,本文定量考察了中美制造业产品的双边贸易同美国制造业相对工资差距的关系。结果发现,美国从中国的净进口对美国制造业非熟练劳动力和熟练劳动力相对工资差距扩大存在影响,但影响幅度较小,贸易并不是引起相对收入差距扩大的唯一原因。但随着中美双边制造业贸易的进一步发展,美中贸易对美国工资差距的影响可能越来越大,以保护非熟练劳动力为名对中国产品实施贸易限制的呼声将会更高。     

国家审计与地区相对贫困治理——基于2008—2017年市级面板数据的实证研究

基于我国257个城市2008—2017年的面板数据,实证检验国家审计“经济体检”各功能对相对贫困治理成效的影响,并进一步探究国家审计各功能的协同作用、公众参与对国家审计促进相对贫困治理的调节作用以及国家审计对地区相对贫困治理促进作用的异质性。研究发现：国家审计“治已病”“防未病”和“经济体检”综合功能的发挥能显著促进相对贫困治理成效,而“查病”功能则没有直接对地区相对贫困治理产生促进作用;“查病”功能能够与“治已病”“防未病”功能发挥协同效应,产生更为明显的相对贫困治理成效;公众参与程度的提高能强化国家审计对相对贫困治理的促进作用;国家审计对相对贫困治理的促进作用在财政依赖程度、公共服务缺口大小不同的地区存在异质性。     

Reciprocity in Ranked Relationships: Does Social Structure Influence Social Reasoning?

Many economic and evolutionary theories have modeled cooperation as the evolutionary outcome of decisions made by autonomous, self-interested agents operating in a social vacuum. In this paper we consider the implications for cooperative interactions when prior social structures and corresponding social norms exist. In particular we investigate the influence of social rank/status on perceptions of fairness and tolerance of cheating. We review evidence from a series of experiments employing the Wason selection task (a test of conditional reasoning) and the ledger task (a decision making task) suggesting that people cued to adopt a perspective of high social rank are more tolerant of cheating and simultaneously believe that they have been more fairly treated (even when cheated) than people cued to adopt a perspective of low social rank. However, the evidence also suggests interesting cross-cultural differences in perceptions of fairness and tolerance of cheating in ranked relationships. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hypothesis testing and parameter estimation based onM-statistics ink samples with unequal variances

Summary Ink samples with unequal variances,M-tests for homogeneity ofk location parameters are proposed. The asymptoticχ ²-distributions of the test statistics and the robustness of the tests are investigated. NextM-estimators (ME’s) of parameters are discussed. Furthermore positive-part shrinkage versions (PSME’s) of theM-estimators for the location parameters are considered along with modified James-Stein estimation rule. In asymptotic distributional risks based on a special feasible loss, it is shown that the PSME’s dominate the ME’s, and preliminary test and shrinkageM-versions fork≧4.     

Statistics by Gender: Measures to Reduce Gender Bias in Agricultural Surveys

Statistics by gender has been the concern of policy makers in the recent past years. The demand on data disaggregated by gender has led the survey statistician to collect data and tabulate statistics by gender. In this paper, some measures will be suggested to avoid and reduce gender bias for data collection and tabulation in agricultural surveys.