The periurban city: why to live between the suburbs and the countryside

The last 30 years have witnessed the emergence of a new pattern of urban development in France, called the periurban belt. It is defined as a belt outside the city occupied both by households and farmers. We develop a residential model in which households commuting to an employment center may choose to live with farmers in this mixed belt because they value the rural amenities created by farming activities. Both types of agents compete on the land market and the equilibrium conditions allow us to obtain an analytical solution and to provide some insights about the robustness of the periurban form against decreases in commuting costs. Finally, the model is calibrated on French data.     

论抗日战争时期的减租减息政策

抗日战争时期，在抗日根据地实施的减租减息是中国共产党在民族战争条件下解决农民土地问题的政策。减租减息政策简约易行，效率优先，以调整经济关系为突破口，循序渐进、平和务实地变革旧的土地所有制。减租减息政策在抗日根据地得到了成功的实践，其理论和实践价值是深远的。     

Removing Homeownership Bias in Taxation: The Distributional Effects of Including Net Imputed Rent in Taxable Income

The income tax systems of most countries entail a favourable treatment of homeownership, compared to rental‐occupied housing. Such ‘homeownership bias’ and its consequences for a wide range of economic outcomes have long been recognised in the economic literature. Although a removal of the homeownership bias is generally advocated on efficiency grounds, its distributional implications are often neglected, especially in a cross‐country perspective. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by investigating the first‐order effects, in terms of distribution of income and work incentives, of removing the income tax provisions favouring homeownership. We consider six European countries – Belgium, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and the UK – that exhibit important variation in terms of income tax treatment of homeowners. Using the multi‐country tax benefit model EUROMOD, we analyse the distributional consequences of including net imputed rent in the taxable income definition that applies in each country, together with the removal of existing special tax treatments of incomes or expenses related to the main residence; thus, we provide a measure of the homeownership bias. We implement three tax policy scenarios. In the first, imputed rent is included in the taxable income of homeowners, while at the same time existing mortgage interest tax relief schemes and taxation of cadastral incomes are abolished. In the two further revenue‐neutral scenarios, the additional tax revenue raised through the taxation of imputed rent is redistributed to taxpayers, through either a tax rate reduction or a tax exemption increase. The results show how including net imputed rent in the tax base might affect inequality in each of the countries considered. Housing taxation appears to be a promising avenue for raising additional revenues, or lightening taxation of labour, with no inequality‐increasing side effects.     

矿产资源租若干问题探讨

矿产资源租是矿产资源所有者所获得的矿产资源价值,矿产品价格高涨突显了矿产资源租问题的重要性.     

西方竞租理论发展过程与最新拓展

竞租理论源于农业竞租理论,其中做出突出贡献和影响的是屠能。随着城市的发展,城市竞租理论得以快速发展,在阿隆索之前,新古典经济学、土地经济学、生态经济学等学派均形成了自己的主要观点。阿隆索继承新古典经济学的思想建立了经典的城市竞租模型,成为了城市经济学重要的基础理论之一。随着新的城市问题的出现,城市竞租理论在城市特征、交通成本、效用等模型方面以及在经验检验方法方面均有拓展。我国的城市问题与西方国家有所不同,文章也指出了竞租理论在我国应用的拓展展望。     

不确定性下的垄断势力测度问题

对垄断问题的分析以及对垄断势力的测度是产业组织理论一个非常关心的问题,以经济分析为基础,测度垄断造成的福利损失对反垄断政策的制定与实施有很重要的意义.传统的方法主要关注确定条件下垄断势力的测度问题,然而事实上,现实世界充满不确定性,决策者的选择行为存在风险,因此,对不确定性条件下的垄断势力进行测度成为一个需要深入研究的问题.     

粮食价格如何影响土地流转租金及收益分配？ ——基于2013—2019年农户调查面板数据

研究目的：探究粮食价格对农村土地流转租金的影响,明确粮食价格异常波动下,土地租金及流转双方收益分配格局的变化。研究方法：基于2013—2019年河南、山东四轮实地调研获取的1 355例土地流转数据进行面板固定效应回归,并在村庄层面对标准误进行聚类。研究结果：上期粮食价格对土地流转租金有显著正向影响,其与双方是否亲属的交互项系数在转入户样本中为负值,并通过了显著性检验。对流转双方收益进行Shapley分解可知,粮食价格下跌造成的损失70%以上由转入土地种植粮食作物的农户承担。研究结论：粮食价格对土地流转租金的正向影响存在一定滞后性,且流转双方为亲属关系时,粮食价格对土地租金的影响在转入户中被削弱,粮食价格波动使流转双方收益分配朝着不利于转入户的方向发展。建议政府稳定国内粮食价格,引导土地规范化流转,并着力提高规模种粮农户对粮价波动的抵抗能力,确保农民种粮积极性。     

外资企业控股权的政治经济学分析:以中国为例

从政治经济学公共品供给的角度对我国合资项目的控股问题进行了分析,认为中方对外资企业控股的主要目的是为了获得外资技术等的溢出效应,政府引资行为类似于一种能产生溢出效应的公共产品供给。由于引资决策者和公众相比存在偏好差异,随着引资决策集中程度的提高,政府主观公共品租金的增加会导致过度引资现象。在政府合资的非利润动机下,外国投资者最大程度地抽取合资企业的利润,使得合资企业的利润为零。本文还结合一个外资市场进入博弈讨论了中方控股的条件,认为中方控股会在一定程度上使合资企业的生产效率下降,我国低价格的人力资本区位优势和良好的投资环境则能缓解中方控股带来的效率损耗,使得中方控股成为可能。     

中国移动通信市场价格博弈影响因素分析及对策

价格竞争作为一种信号传递机制,体现了市场主体之间相互学习并调整各自行动,根据变化的条件和环境采取有效率的行为。本文基于中国移动通信市场价格博弈本质解析的基础上,分析了不对称管制、经济租金、转移成本和产品差异化等要素对中国移动通信市场价格博弈的影响机制,提出了增进中国移动通信市场有效竞争程度以及缓解行业价格博弈的若干对策建议。     

中小企业融资“RWS”模式研究

根据中小企业本身的特点以及在融资过程中遇到的问题,剖析了中小企业融资难的根本成因,指出改善中小企业的融资环境在于进行融资创新。根据实际案例,剖析了融资创新模式"租金+工资+股份"(RWS)模式的特点和使用范围。