旅游者“求新-重游”悖论的理论解释与实证分析

Li等曾经提出一个有趣的旅游悖论":人们离开熟悉的惯常环境,却又回到一个熟悉的目的地旅游",或称之为旅游者"求新-重游"悖论。破解旅游者"求新-重游"悖论是旅游者行为研究的重要议题之一,然而这一悖论尚未得到深入讨论。鉴于此,文章基于消费者选择过载理论首先提出"到此一游"假说作为理论解释,然后通过多个旅游网络平台采用随机抽样和等距抽样方法,收集了986359条旅游者初游和重游行为数据进行实证。结果显示",求新-重游"旅游者的相对比例约为97∶3,旅游者"到此一游"假说得到验证,同时还检验了旅游者重游可持续性和重游周期律。文章的理论贡献在于深化了对旅游者重游行为规律的认识,同时丰富了产品异质性对消费者重购行为系统性影响的相关研究。研究结论对旅游目的地营销和规划实践具有一定的参考价值,也为完善我国现行旅游统计标准提供了新的概念参考。     

The roles of risk preferences,selection, and uncertain returns on land contracts

Using panel data on a statistically representative sample of Iowa farmland parcels from 1997 to 2017, we analyze the factors determining whether land is farmed by the owner or rented out under a cash rent or crop share contract. The landowner's decision to rent or operate the land depends on the distribution of expected net returns to the land, and so estimates of the factors affecting rental terms will be biased if the sample only includes rental contracts and excludes the owner-operator. Land with higher mean and/or lower variance of expected net returns is most likely to be rented out. Participants in the rental market will include the most risk-averse landowners and the least risk-averse tenants, while the least risk-averse landowners operate their own land. Our empirical results suggest that the rising use of cash rent contracts and declining incidence of owner-operation and crop-share rental contracts is consistent with falling coefficient of variation in expected net returns per acre.     

双元领导对积极偏离创新行为的影响研究——基于认知-情感复合视角

基于认知-情感理论，研究双元领导影响积极偏离创新行为的认知和情感作用机制与边界条件。采用Bootstrap、多元层次回归等方法对414份样本数据进行分析，结果表明：双元领导对积极偏离创新行为有显著正向影响；内部网络连带强度与反馈寻求行为在双元领导与积极偏离创新行为之间起中介作用；领导认同不仅正向调节双元领导与内部网络连带强度和反馈寻求行为之间的关系，还正向调节双元领导通过内部网络连带强度、反馈寻求行为影响员工积极偏离创新行为的间接作用。