居住区绿化规划设计探讨

居住区的绿化规划,必须以城市生态系统为基础,注重生态效益,以提高居民小区的环境质量,维护和保持城市的生态平衡。因此,运用生态学原理进行居住区绿化地设计是园设计者面临的一个新课题。     

A spatial theory of urban segregation

We provide a competitive equilibrium theory of urban segregation in a linear city. Households demand consumption and housing along the city and are exposed to neighborhood externalities. We show that equilibria that are robust to small coalitional deviations are segregated. Our results explain urban segregation in a standard neoclassical framework and shed new light on the difficulties faced by authorities to integrate cities.     

灰色聚类综合评价方法在住宅建筑方案选优中的应用

阐述了基于灰色聚类原理开发出的一种综合评价方法，其应用于住宅建筑方案选优，既可选出相对最优方案，又可直观地评出其属于何种等级的灰类。     

城市住宅适老改造需求的关键影响因素研究

城市住宅适老改造服务体系作为支持居家养老的重要领域在我国尚未形成。文章通过访谈和文本分析,识别出影响城市住宅适老改造需求的18个一般因素;运用主成分分析法提取了3个关键因素,发现居住环境的适老程度与住宅适老改造技术和服务水平是首要的影响因素,住宅适老改造的消费水平和政策支持力度也是影响适老改造需求的关键因素。文章认为,建立并逐步完善住宅适老改造技术服务与质量监管体系、开展适老改造示范工程、探索适老改造市场化服务模式、加强适老改造资金的支持力度等,是形成我国城市住宅适老改造服务体系的有效途径。     

Evidence of short-term household change in South Africa from the National Income Dynamics Study

We use longitudinal data from the National Income Dynamics Study to document the extent of recent short-term residential and household compositional change in South Africa. We analyse the demographic correlates of these transitions, including population group, age, urban/rural status, and income. We examine educational and labour-market transitions among movers and the prevalence of the four major types of compositional change – births, addition of joiners, deaths, and loss of leavers. We find that short-term household change is prevalent in South Africa. During a two-year period from 2008 to 2010, 10.5% of South Africans moved residence and 61.3% experienced change in household composition. We find that moving is more common among blacks and whites, very young children, young adults, urban individuals, and those with higher incomes. Among non-movers, compositional change is more likely for blacks and coloureds, young adults and children, females, urban individuals, and individuals with lower incomes.     

农村宅基地退出机制建立探讨

研究目的：探讨农村宅基地退出机制的建立。研究方法：综合分析法与文献资料法。研究结果：农村宅基地退出机制的缺失是导致目前中国农村宅基地利用存在问题的根本原因,建立以激励机制和约束机制为核心的宅基地退出机制是改革和完善农村宅基地使用管理制度的重要方面。研究结论：农村宅基地退出机制的建立应以保障农户对宅基地的合法权益、不增加合法占用宅基地农户的经济负担为基本前提,重点是建立农村宅基地收回补偿制度、健全多元化的农村住房保障体系、实施农村宅基地有偿使用制度和健全农村宅基地整理、置换、复垦机制。     

宅基地退出绩效：评价体系、实证分析与提升路径 ——基于东中西部典型试点区域的全景式考察

研究目的：明晰宅基地退出绩效目标,构建评价体系,对典型试点区域宅基地退出绩效进行实证分析,探寻宅基地退出绩效提升路径。研究方法：质性研究方法与政策绩效评价工具方法的综合运用。研究结果：宅基地退出绩效目标主要由中央政策目标和地方政府、村集体、退出农户的利益诉求构成;回应绩效目标,基于政府绩效管理理论,引入利益相关者理论,并嵌入乡村韧性理论,构建了从过程到结果、兼顾多维利益诉求、考虑长短期变化的宅基地退出绩效评价体系;通过实证考察和评价分析发现,义乌、余江、泸县的宅基地退出绩效总体表现良好,但主要在经济韧性上存在短板,面临着资金紧张、主体乏力、盘活再利用受限等困境。研究结论：全面提升宅基地退出绩效,关键要在宅基地“三权分置”改革统领下,通过优化退出资金运作模式、形成多主体共治局面、拓宽退出土地盘活路径等,健全宅基地退出长效激励机制与保障机制。     

Electricity awareness and consumer demand for information

With the envisioned growth in the residential electricity demand and increased share of intermittent renewables in the supply mix, consumers will need to be better informed about their electricity consumption and to play an active role in managing their electricity use. However, consumer inattention and lack of information are ubiquitous, especially in household energy‐related settings. Thus, using a novel survey and actual monthly electricity consumption data, this study set out to measure the level of awareness about electricity bills, prices and costs among some Finnish households—as captured by the answers to six questions—and to investigate whether higher levels of “electricity awareness” are associated with electricity savings. In addition, this study analyses the willingness to receive extra information about energy consumption and savings and how it differs between “electricity aware” and “electricity unaware” respondents. The results indicate low levels of “electricity awareness” among the respondents of the survey. Compared to the respondents with little knowledge about electricity bills, prices and costs, the respondents with higher levels of “electricity awareness” tend to consume less electricity. Higher levels of awareness about electricity use and consumption might “materialize” inconspicuous consumption patterns, as opposed to more general facts about the largely invisible environmental consequences of everyday practices. More than two‐thirds of the total number of respondents would like to receive additional information about energy consumption and how to save energy. However, there exists a significant portion of “electricity unaware” respondents who are not only unwilling to receive such information, but are also unaware of their own knowledge deficits. To maximize the impact of any information strategy, decision makers should attempt to engage with this type of consumer; by becoming more aware of their knowledge deficits, people might become more receptive to information that can benefit them.     

居民家庭服务消费的特征、制约因素与发展趋势分析

改革开放20多年来,中国经济持续的高速增长,使居民收入水平不断提高,并由此带来了居民消费结构的深刻变化。如今城市居民消费构成中服务消费所占的比例已经超过了37%,一些大城市中这一比例可能会更高。为此,研究居民服务消费的特征和发展趋势,对于促进相关服务业的发展,提升产业结构,以及促进就业都有着重要的意义。