基于中分辨率遥感图像的土地利用与覆被分类系统构建

研究目的:研制基于遥感的土地利用与覆被分类系统,为国家土地利用与覆被基础数据库建设和宏观土地资源遥感动态监测提供分类依据。研究方法:文献资料法、比较分析法和计算机试验法。研究结果:根据中分辨率卫星传感器的波谱响应特征和土地利用与覆被遥感信息获取技术,提出基于中分辨率遥感图像的土地利用与覆被分类系统,并给出各个类别在遥感图像上的解译标志。研究结论:该系统基本可以满足在国家尺度上的遥感分类应用要求。     

基于优化HRNetV2的高分辨率遥感影像土地利用自动分类

研究目的：基于语义分割模型HRNetV2实现高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用自动分类,以期推动深度学习语义分割方法实现遥感影像的土地利用自动分类研究,并为该类研究提供可参考的案例。研究方法：首先对语义分割模型HRNetV2从损失函数、特征提取方面进行优化,以提高模型的分割精度;其次用优化后的HRNetV2模型对民乐县2 m的高分辨率遥感影像进行土地利用分类,并基于混淆矩阵对分类的结果进行评估。研究结果：（1）优化后的HRNetV2语义分割模型的MIOU达81.9%,相较于优化前提高了4.4%, 证明了优化方法的有效性;（2）针对民乐县进行的土地利用自动分类总体精度达89.72%,Kappa系数达0.888。研究结论：优化后的HRNetV2语义分割模型在高分辨率遥感影像的土地利用自动分类中具有较强的应用前景。     

The effects of resolution methods and industry stress on the loss on assets from bank failures

In this paper, we examine how the value of failed bank assets differs between two types of FDIC resolution methods: liquidation and private-sector reorganization. Our findings show that private-sector reorganizations do not deliver the expected cost-savings from 1986 to 1991, a period of industry distress. On a univariate basis, the net loss on assets is lower for a private-sector reorganization than for a liquidation in both a period of industry distress and of industry health. However, institutions with higher quality assets and higher franchise values are more likely to be resolved using a private-sector resolution. Once we control for this selection bias, we find that institutions that are resolved during periods of industry distress result in higher resolution costs than liquidation. During periods of industry health, private-sector resolutions are less costly than liquidations. We show that if a bank that failed during the post-crisis period instead failed during the crisis period, its net loss as a percent of assets would have been 3.232 percentage points higher. Given that the average net loss on assets ratio is 21.42 percent during our sample period from 1986 to 2007, the increase in costs is economically significant.     

家庭农场退出诱发的利益冲突与化解策略研究

研究目的:借助埃奇沃斯盒状图阐述家庭农场退出的"帕累托改进"过程,深入分析家庭农场退出可能诱发不同主体间的利益冲突以及应对策略,为家庭农场的合理有序退出提供理论支撑。研究方法:经济学交换的一般均衡分析法、理论分析法、文献梳理法、综合分析法。研究结果:在家庭农场退出时,会在家庭农场主、农户、债权人、集体经济组织、家庭农场的其他成员等主体之间围绕土地合同违约、债务清偿次序、债务承担比例、资产处置等问题诱发激烈的矛盾冲突,这些问题的妥善解决对于构建家庭农场的合理有序退出机制、盘活退出家庭农场的整体资产、维护退出家庭农场主和债权人的合法权益都具有重要意义。研究结论:家庭农场退出所诱发的不同主体间的利益冲突应当依据法律政策、土地流转合同等科学合理地加以解决。对于家庭农场退出的资产采取整体转让、转租、托管经营等方式处理;明确家庭农场退出需要承担的法律责任,参照相关法律政策,明确家庭农场退出的债务偿还规则;明确集体经济组织在家庭农场退出时的职能定位;通过制定内部规章制度明晰家庭农场成员间的"权责利"关系格局。     

Regulatory Actions under Adjustment Costs and the Resolution of Scientific Uncertainty

Food system regulators often decide whether to ban existing practices or approve new technologies without conclusive scientific evidence on possible damage and knowing that resolution is likely in the future. In a model with three decision points and stochastic resolution of uncertainty, we study interactions between expected losses due to regulation and information availability when a regulator is deciding on an early reversible ban and on a later reversible ban. Adjustment costs create inertia concerning intermediate signals such that earlier decisions are not overturned, and also a bias against imposing an early ban. The prospect of more later-stage information can increase or decrease the incentive to ban early, but research decreases the incentive to ban early.     

Public participation and local environmental planning: Testing factors influencing decision quality and implementation in four case studies from Germany

Public and stakeholder participation in environmental planning is often assumed to enhance effectiveness through improving the environmental quality of decisions and enhancing implementation. We draw on the literature on participatory environmental governance in order to derive key participation-related factors that are hypothesized to impact on decision quality and implementation. We then outline four cases of decision-making processes in local environmental planning in Germany, representing a variety of forms of public participation, and what we suggest can be seen as four different pathways to ‘success’ in participatory planning. The case studies, recounted on the basis of stakeholder interviews and secondary research, are subjected to a cross-case analysis in order to examine the influence of participation in each case. We consider how key participation-related factors played out across the cases, and assess both decision quality and implementation against counterfactual non-participatory, or less-participatory, scenarios. In moving beyond accounts of ‘what happened’, and considering how participation changed the order of things relative to ‘what would have happened’ under different scenarios, the research highlights how very different pathways may lead to ‘success’ in participatory environmental planning from the viewpoint of process organizers and planners sympathetic to environmental issues. We conclude that, given the significance of context and surprises, planners and process organizers must be open to different pathways to the successful conclusion of participatory planning processes.     

GPA框架下的美国政府采购争议解决机制研究

政府采购争议解决机制是保障政府采购制度的透明度和公正性的重要程序设置。文章从WTO《政府采购协议》（GPA）有关争议解决程序的规定出发,详细解读了美国政府采购活动中给予利益相关方的各种救济权利,包括向采购机构提出异议、向政府责任办公室提出申诉、向联邦索赔法院提起诉讼等,对我国修订《政府采购法》相关规定具有借鉴价值。     

The transformational management of conflict: A perspective from the early Christian church

An understanding of transformational leadership has been developed for many spheres of management, but not previously for organizational conflict. This paper analyzes a successful conflict mediation attempt in the early Christian church and draws from it elements of a model of the transformational management of conflict that can be applied by managers in many contemporary work organizations. The elements include (a) reframing the conflict, (b) a focus on a shared organizational vision, (c) the placement of responsibility for dispute resolution in the hands of organizational members directly and indirectly involved in conflict, and (d) the use of communication devices consistent with the desired outcome. The paper suggests skills necessary for managers to implement the model and implications for research on it.     

清单计价背景下投标报价策略研究

在建筑市场推行无底招标和清单计价规范的背景下，探讨由业主给定工程量，投标单位填报单价，最后经过验方计价，以单价结算的合同下，投标单位如何根据业主给定工程量可能的变动趋势，基于运筹学的线性规划理论，进行不平衡报价，最大化其收益。     

Mandatory and binding arbitration: Effects on employee attitudes and recruiting results

This paper reports the results of two studies undertaken in the same Fortune 500 company as it adopted an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) program. Study 1 assessed employees' perceptions of fairness, trust, and turnover intentions regarding ADR options. Compared with other options for ADR, a program consisting of mandatory mediation followed by mandatory and binding arbitration (MMBA) resulted in significantly lower levels of procedural fairness perception, organizational trust, and intentions to stay with the firm. Contrary to previous research, no significant effects were found related to respondents' demographic characteristics and their reactions to ADR program characteristics. In Study 2, job‐applicant flow data were evaluated and compared by corporate region to determine the effects of an MMBA program installed in one region. Results revealed no significant effects related to the MMBA program on the organization's ability to recruit and ultimately fill key positions. As in Study 1, no significant effects were found in Study 2 for the demographic characteristics of applicant race/ethnicity, gender, or age on applicant recruitment decisions. Although Study 2 results indicated job candidates are unaffected by the existence of an MMBA program, given Study 1's results, practitioners should be cautious about implementing such a program for current employees. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.