Technological proximity and the choice of cooperation partner

This paper provides empirical tests of hypotheses of cooperative behavior provided by evolutionary approaches in the resource-based view of the firm. The influences of “technological proximity”, individual incentives to cooperate and managerial tools to the choice of research partner are analyzed. Using German patent data we can show the positive influence of those three determinants. The results of this paper confirm theories dealing with the path-dependency of research activities.      

论“游道”——明清文士旅游观研究之一

游山玩水,作为一项亲历审美活动,有其专门的内在机理,明清文士称之为“游道”、“游政”或“游山学”。伴随着旅游活动的炽盛,明清士夫们对“游地”、“游具”、“游时”、“游伴”及“游术”等“游道”作了多层面、多视角的探讨,从而丰富了我国的旅游学理论,对今天的旅游业建设也不无裨益。由此,并可窥视明清文士的人生观与社会观。     

基于经济发展的资源型地区金融结构优化策略

资源的开发利用在现代工业化城市化进程中颇受重视,它不仅带动了资源型地区经济发展,也为经济繁荣做了贡献。资源型经济对矿产资源和能源消耗日益增加,资源过渡消耗与经济发展之间的矛盾越来越突出。要想解决这个矛盾,只有促进金融发展,既能使资金流向技术含量高的产业,又能为经济提供足够的发展资金。本文阐述了资源型地区如何有效利用资源及如何制定有效的金融结构策略才会使地区经济有效发展。     

用科学发展观指导高等学校的改革和发展

科学发展观的提出,对于推进我国高等教育具有特殊重要的意义.准确把握高等学校科学发展观的含义,实现用科学发展观来指导高等学校的发展和改革必须做到:坚持内涵发展,科学定位;坚持全面协调,促进跨越式发展;健全法制,建立机制;改善办学条件,加强师资队伍建设.     

浅议道家的生态观

随着现代社会的环境的日益恶化,人类社会面临着严重的生态危机,影响着人类的生存,使人们渴望回归自然,人们越来越重视人与自然的关系。道教的"天人合一"等思想有其深远的历史意义和现实意义。     

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE COMPETITIVE POSITIONS AND ENTRY PATHS OF EUROPEAN FIRMS IN THE U.S. PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

This paper combines the statistical insights of dynamic strategic group analysis with the qualitative richness of historical analysis to explore the modes of entry, expansion paths, and competitive postures of European firms in the U.S. pharmaceutical market. Patterns of entry and market development over a 20-year period are analyzed. The roles of strategic assets and competencies in determining both the entry strategy and the final competitive posture of these firms in the U.S. market are discussed.     

Role of Intangible Assets in Foreign-Market Entry-Mode Decisions: A Longitudinal Study of American Lodging Firms

With the traditional research-based view approach to entry mode that examines the firm's strategies from its resource endowment and deployment (i.e., an inside-out view of the firm), which is different from the earlier paradigms (i.e., an outside-in view of the firm), this article investigates intangibles at the firm level and their impact on the choice of foreign-market entry mode to understand how to create value overseas. From the multinomial logistic regression analyses with data collected from the lodging industry between 1995 and 2005, the results of this study suggest that as marketing capital increases, entry mode seems to move from acquisition to joint venture to greenfield to contractual modes. In the case of employee efficiency, as human capital increases entry mode tends to move from joint venture to acquisition to greenfield to contractual modes, whereas in the case of top managers' efficiency, entry mode tends to move from joint venture to acquisition to contractual mode to greenfield, respectively.     

基于RBV的旅游电子商务采纳关键成功因素研究

拳文基于企业资源观(RBV),从战略、资源、能力3个维度构建了影响旅游电子商务采纳的7个因素集合.本文根据成功的旅游电子商务实践经验,采用AHP分别识别了传统旅行社和旅游中介网站两类电子商务采纳的关键成功因素.结果显示,企业战略、复合型人力资源、共享信息能力以及合作流程能力是两类企业共同的关键成功因素.研究进一步发现,两类企业的采纳模式存在明显差异,传统旅行社侧重于内部资源优化,而旅游中介网站侧重外部资源整合.     

Chinese tourists' views of nature and natural landscape interpretation: a generational perspective

This study investigates Chinese tourists’ views of nature, interest in animal experiences and their preferred natural landscape interpretation content from a generational perspective. Eight hundred and eight self-administered questionnaires were collected at Wulingyuan, a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site, in China. It suggests that overall Chinese traditional cultural values and beliefs, notably the thinking of tian ren he yi (oneness of nature with humans), still have considerable impacts on Chinese tourists. They were found to have a strong sense of connection with nature and a preference for cultural interpretations of natural landscapes. Meanwhile, Chinese might be reaching a point of convergence in terms of attitude towards nature and animals with their Western counterparts, as reflected by their weak anthropocentric view, and strong ethical and aesthetic appreciation of animals, regardless of generation cohorts. Yet, the study shows significant generational gaps: older generations have a stronger connection with nature, are more concerned about environmental issues and show more support for the Western approach towards nature protection; the younger generations hold weaker anthropocentrism, and are more interested in animals, yet are less likely to learn about nature through tourism interpretation.     

Market knowledge of the travel industry from knowledge-based view: a case of two Taiwanese travel agencies

There has been a lack of comprehensive model elaborating the key dimensions of knowledge management in the tourism field. Based on market orientation literature, market knowledge could be illustrated from consumer and competitor dimensions. However, what knowledge topics are in these two dimensions (e.g. knowledge depth) or do any dimensions of market knowledge exist (e.g. knowledge breadth)? These questions can be clearly answered. Drawing on knowledge-based view of firms, this study explores market knowledge from four characteristics: depth, breadth, tacitness, and specificity. It seeks to contribute to the existing literature through a series of semi-structured interviews and behavioral observation with senior managers of Taiwan’s leading travel agencies. Four market knowledge categories emerge: customer knowledge, employee knowledge, competitor knowledge, and partner knowledge. It is suggested that high levels exist as to the importance of knowledge acquisition, classification, dissemination, and usage, and this represents a significant change over past findings.