The Effects of Public Ownership and Regulatory Independence on Regulatory Outcomes

We examine the effects of public ownership and regulatory agency independence on regulatory outcomes in EU telecommunications. Specifically, we study regulated interconnect rates paid by entrants to incumbents. We find that public ownership of the incumbent positively affects these interconnect rates, and suggest that governments influence regulatory outcomes in favor of incumbents in which they are substantially invested. However, we also find that the presence of institutional features enhancing regulatory independence from the government mitigates this effect. In order to study regulatory independence, we introduce a new cross-country time-series database—the European Union Regulatory Institutions (EURI) Database. This database describes the development of institutions bearing on regulatory independence and quality in telecommunications in the 15 founding EU member states from 1997 to 2003 *We thank Laurent Pipitone for superb research assistance. Geoff Edwards thanks the Sasakawa Foundation and the Institute of Management, Innovation and Organization at the Haas School of Business for generous financial assistance, and London Business School for non-financial support. Leonard Waverman thanks the Global Communications Consortium for support     

Regulatory and environmental effects on public transit efficiency: a mixed DEA-SFA approach

This paper assesses the impact of regulatory and environmental factors and statistical noise on the efficiency of public transit systems within a DEA-based framework. Using a panel of Italian companies, we implement a DEA-SFA mixed approach based on [H.O. Fried et al. (2002) Journal of Productivity Analysis, 17(1–2), 157–174] to decompose DEA inefficiency measures into three components: exogenous effects, managerial inefficiency and stochastic events. Besides providing evidence on the determinants of input-specific efficiency differentials across companies, the results point out that managerial skills play a minor role, and emphasize the relevance of regulatory policies aimed at replacing cost-plus subsidization with high-powered incentive contracts as well as improving environmental conditions of public transit networks.      

基于“消亡模式”的并购企业文化整合

并购企业的文化整合方式有多种模式选择。在论述“消亡模式”文化整合及其适应条件下,对并购企业采取“消亡模式”文化整合的过程和方法进行了探讨;提出了从全新的心智模式上升为企业的规章制度,并形成新的企业文化过程中,管理职能所起的特定作用;结合联想并购IBM全球PC业务案例,进行了应用分析。     

论会计事项的认定与会计确认

符合确认标准的会计事项是会计确认的对象,会计确认是会计事项进入财务会计系统的第一道关口,两者关系十分密切,本文对会计事项作了科学界定,并针对不同事项的认定说明其对会计确认对象、观点和时间的影响,为科学合理地确认会计事项提供了理论指导。     

面向CRM的数据挖掘应用

近几年来，信息在企业发展中的关键地位得到了越来越多的关注，赢家往往是那些能成功收集、分析、理解信息并根据信息决策的企业，而新型电子商务的关键是它与消费者之间的关系。本文研究了数据挖掘技术在客户关系管理（CRM）中的运用，讨论了企业如何理清和客户之间的关系。     

Mean-variance hedging for interest rate models¶with stochastic volatility

The mean-variance hedging approach for pricing and hedging claims in incomplete markets was originally introduced for risky assets. The aim of this paper is to apply this approach to interest rate models in the presence of stochastic volatility, seen as a consequence of incomplete information. We fix a finite number of bonds such that the volatility matrix is invertible and provide an explicit formula for the density of the variance-optimal measure which is independent of the chosen times of maturity. Finally, we compute the mean-variance hedging strategy for a caplet and compare it with the optimal stategy according to the local risk minimizing approach. Received: 14 July 2000 / Accepted: 10 April 2001     

射频识别技术在商品储运领域的应用

文中介绍了RFID技术在商品储运领域中的优势,然后从危险品跟踪、集装箱跟踪、食品跟踪和仓库管理等方面列举了RFID在商品储运领域的典型应用,最后分析RFID在商品储运领域的应用环节。     

Thermodynamics and process analysis for future economic scenarios

Economists are increasingly interested in forecasting future costs and benefits of policies for dealing with materials/energy fluxes, polluting emissions and environmental impacts on various scales, from sectoral to global. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models are currently popular because they project demand and industrial structure into the future, along an equilibrium path. But they are applicable only to the extent that structural changes occur in or near equilibrium, independent of radical technological (or social) change. The alternative tool for analyzing economic implications of scenario assumptions is to use Leontief-type Input-Output (I-O) models. I-O models are unable to endogenize structural shifts (changing I-O coefficients). However, this can be a virtue when considering radical rather than incremental shifts. Postulated I-O tables can be used independently to check the internal consistency of scenarios. Or I-O models can be used to generate scenarios by linking them to econometric macro-drivers (which can, in principle, be CGE models). Explicit process analysis can be integrated, in principle, with I-O models. This hybrid scheme provides a natural means of satisfying physical constraints, especially the first and second laws of thermodynamics. This is important, to avoid constructing scenarios based on physically impossible processes. Process analysis is really the only available tool for constructing physically plausible alternative future I-O tables, and generating materials/energy and waste emissions coefficients. Explicit process analysis also helps avoid several problems characteristic of pure CGE or I-O models, viz. (1) aggregation errors (2) inability to handle arbitrary combinations of co-product and co-input relationships and (3) inability to reflect certain non-linearities such as internal feedback loops.     

基于地理学对"三江源"生态难民形成机制的分析

本文围绕“三江源”日益恶化的生态环境及由此引发的生态难民问题,从地理学的角度进行了综合分析,明确提出独特的自然环境系统和现代环境的变迁给源区牧民提供了极其狭小的空间,而人类活动中传统的生产方式、现代价值取向的变化、社会管理的失误以及落后的经济发展水平,无限制的对自然的索取,超越了环境系统所能承受的阀值,人类不得不听任自然的“安排”。因此,应通过合理规划,积极妥善地安置源区生态难民;调整产业结构,积极发展源区经济;科学管理,有计划地节制外来流动人员;发展教育,构建与源区生态相适宜的生态文化,实现区域可持续发展的“双赢”目标。     

古代岭南州府城市近郊风景的公共性研究

“城市山林”作为中国园林史研究中屡被提及的重要概念，已有了具体而明确的理论赋义。与之形成反差的，是当代研究长期缺乏对该词的历史溯源。为此，基于《四库全书》检索得到一定数量的文献史料，对“城市山林”概念的发展演变进行了初步考析。从中发现，“城市山林”并非一开始就是独立的概念；“城市”与“山林”两词媾和的过程，本质上是文人阶层有关“人之栖居”问题的长期思辨与抉择。而对此的认知，或将有助于更好地理解“园林”与“城市山林”之间的关系。