零售企业自有品牌问题的研究

自有品牌,是零售企业通过搜集、整理、分析消费者对于某类商品的需求信息而开发出来的新产品的品牌。零售企业在功能、价格、造型等方面提出设计要求,自设生产基地或者选择合适的生产企业进行加工生产,最终用自己的商标注册该产品,并在本商店销售该品牌。由于自有品牌能够给零售企业带来更多的利润,赢得顾客的忠诚,因而受到越来越多零售企业的青睐,开发、销售自有品牌产品已成为零售企业广泛采用的营销策略。     

SOLOMO消费驱动下零售企业渠道演化选择：全渠道零售

通过对 SOLOMO 消费群与全渠道零售的介绍,本文分析了零售企业由以自身为中心的单渠道、多渠道、跨渠道转向以消费者为中心的全渠道零售的演化路径,解释了 SOLOMO 消费趋势下零售企业采用全渠道零售的模式能够无缝对接消费需求的成因,并构建了全渠道价值链。另外,本文通过绘制全渠道消费者云图,指出提升多渠道协同服务质量是全渠道价值链管理的关键,以及扩大数字客户群是全渠道消费者数据管理的重点。     

European retail giants and the post-LBO reconfiguration of US food retailing

The late 1980s era of leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and dramatically increased levels of corporate debt saw some of its most profound impacts in the US food retail industry. Highly leveraged food retailers committed to servicing their huge debt burdens were forced to divest assets and cut capital expenditure programmes, while rival non-LBO retailers found entry or expansion attractive in markets dominated by IBO firms. In addition, well-capitalized European food retailers, seeking to enter and develop their operations in the USA, were presented with major opportunities. This paper considers the US expansion of the European food retail giants Ahold and Sainsbury during the LBO and post LBO periods. Within the wider context of the deleveraging of the US food retail industry in the 1990s, an accelerating rate of consolidation and a progressive gaining of competitive advantage by the larger multi-regional US chains, the challenge of the European retail giants in the post-LBO reconfiguration of the US industry is assessed.     

Designing a Country Marketing Function:

Most governments of developing and industrialized countries are in the market for foreign direct investment. Indeed, in the case of developing countries, new entrants to this market are constantly emerging. This paper reports on a study that examines the generic structures governments have adopted in their efforts to promote their countries as sites for foreign direct investment. It pays special attention to the question of whether promotional functions do, or should, differ in structural form based upon the size of the country seeking to attract additional investment. The study concludes that, contrary to existing research, country size does have an impact on the type of generic promotional structure adopted. Larger countries tend to adopt decentralized or coordinated promotional structures, whereas smaller countries tend to rely on centralized promotional structures. Although centralized structures tend to be more efficient, larger countries are forced by regional pressures to include multiple organizations in their promotional activities. The study argues that given the type of investment likely to be attracted to larger countries, diffusion of the promotional function is an appropriate structural response. But, when this diffused function is coordinated countries are likely to gain the benefits of promotional efficiency while allowing for the involvement of regional entities.     

The geographical dimension of global retailing

The globalization of twenty well-known retailers and fast food operators is measured by two geographical indices, dispersion and locus, based on various measures of activity. Both are compared with similar indices based on the GDP. An attempt to explain varying degrees of globalization with own manufacturing, store ownership and company age fails. This leads to increasingly ‘soft’ verbal, even personalized, explanations.     

Rural Retailing: Challenges to Traditional Handicrafts

ABSTRACT

The expansion of tourism into villages has provided craft traders of Kerala with significant opportunities in rural retailing. However, village artisans with limited resources fail to reach global consumers. This study aims to clarify the challenges faced by rural craft cooperatives in selecting retail channels for their products. Testing the hypotheses at two levels using primary and secondary data, the author identifies the retail channel that offers the maximum returns to producers and satisfaction to consumers. The results indicate that those cooperatives owning exclusive retail channels guarantee sustainable market relationships for rural artisans.     

零售业网上与传统业务整合模式探讨

零售业网上业务与传统业务之间泾渭分明的界限正迅速消失.新经济条件下的成功,属于那些能将网络与传统业务整合的公司.但是,对于如何实施这些战略,争议颇多.笔者通过对Office Depot的无缝整合战略与KBToys的资本整合战略的实证分析,认为结合与分离并非是仅有的两种选择,可根据品牌、管理、运营和股权四个因素来确定结合的程度.     

Physical distribution service performance and Internet retailer margins: The drop-shipping context

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between Internet retailer margins and retailer promises regarding product distribution service. We focus particularly on Internet retailing in a drop-ship context, because this model provides a purer separation of these activities and the related costs and constitutes a critical context for the empirical examination of the relationship between retailer margins and promises. Drawing upon retailer and consumer perspectives, we articulate and justify a set of propositions regarding the relationships among different Internet retailer margins and promised product distribution service performance. We examine a sample comprising over 2000 retail transactions with customers and find partial empirical support for the set of propositions. Specifically, the results show that product margins and the margins on shipping and handling are inversely proportional. We also find a direct relationship between promised product distribution service performance and shipping and handling margins even after key product characteristics known to influence the cost side of the margin equation are controlled for. These results confirm an intuitively logical view of the relationships among pricing and promised product distribution service performance. The study also offers insights for practitioners regarding the opportunity to enhance performance in this domain and demonstrates the benefit and power of employing objective measures drawn from the vast array of information captured via online transactions.     

沃尔玛跨国经营对中国零售业发展的启示

本文通过分析美国沃尔玛公司在中国的现状及成功经营的策略,结合当今中国零售市场的行业背景和特点,探讨了沃尔玛的成功经验对其他跨国零售企业与国内零售企业在中国经营的可借鉴之处。     

Milk by Any Other Name … Consumer Benefits from Labeled Milk

This article uses revealed preferences of consumers to study the consumer benefits from rBST-free and organic labeled milk. The article specifies and estimates a quadratic AIDS demand system model for different milk types using U.S. supermarket scanner data. The introduction of rBST-free and organic milk is used to estimate consumer benefits that are decomposed into two components, competitive and variety effects. Results show significant consumer benefits from organic milk and to a lesser extent from rBST-free milk. Based on the findings, we explore implications for present U.S. labeling standards.