The New Comparative Political Economy

With the collapse of communism in the late 1980s the field of comparative political economy has undergone major revision. Socialism is no longer considered the viable alternative to capitalism it once was. We now recognize that the choice is between alternative institutional arrangements of capitalism. Progress in the field of comparative political economy is achieved by examining how different legal, political and social institutions shape economic behavior and impact economic performance. In this paper we survey the new learning in comparative political economy and suggest how this learning should redirect our attention in economic development.JEL classification: B53, O10, O20, P0     

Endogenous human capital accumulation, comparative advantage and direct vs. indirect redistribution

Recently, several papers have reexamined the so-called production efficiency theorem and the Atkinson and Stiglitz theorem on commodity taxes in the optimal taxation literature. Naito [J. Public Econ. 71 (1999) 65] showed that indirect redistribution through production distortion or consumption distortion can Pareto-improve welfare and that the two theorems do not necessarily hold when different factors are imperfect substitutes and factor prices are endogenous. On the other hand, Saez J. Public Econ. (2002) forthcoming argued that in the long run, where human capital accumulation is endogenous, the two theorems are still valid. This paper develops reasonable alternative models where individuals accumulate human capital based on their comparative advantage. The present paper shows that the production efficiency theorem is not necessarily valid and that indirect redistribution from the able to the less able such as tariffs and production subsidies can increase efficiency even when skill accumulation is endogenous.     

Structural Decomposition Analysis of Physical Flows in the Economy

Many environmental problems can be attributedto the extraction and emissions of physicalsubstances. Increasing our understanding of theeconomic and technological driving forcesbehind these physical flows can contribute tosolving the environmental problems related tothem. The input-output framework is a usefulsetting in which to integrate detailedinformation about economic structure andphysical flows. In this article a specificmethod in input-output analysis is reviewed,namely Structural Decomposition Analysis (SDA).It is based on comparative static analysis,which decomposes historical changes of a policyvariable into determinant effects. SDA has beenapplied, for example, to analyze the demand andtechnological driving forces of energy use,CO₂-emissions and various other pollutantsand resources. This article examines thetheoretical aspects of structuraldecomposition, in particular those concerningphysical flows and environmental issues.Furthermore, the article includes an extensivesurvey of empirical studies.     

我国绿色食品出口贸易中存在的问题及对策探析

20世纪90年代以来,绿色食品贸易在全球兴起并已成为人类社会可持续发展的必然选择。然而,尽管在国内绿色食品生产日益社会化、市场化、国际化的背景下,我国绿色食品已经呈现出蓬勃发展的良好态势,但出口数量和出口规模还是偏低。本文在分析我国绿色食品出口中存在的问题及原因的基础上,探索相应的对策,以期为我国绿色食品竞争优势的提升提供有益的思路。     

企业网络组织协同竞争的理论与效应解析

竞争与合作相统一的协同竞争已成为企业网络竞争战略发展的必然趋势。通过对企业网络组织协同竞争研究脉络的梳理，可构建协同竞争研究的评析架构。其理论演进是：以系统思维作为理论逻辑的基点，以合作竞争为行动策略，以价值创造作为网络协同竞争的本质属性；在实践效应上，协同竞争具有提升竞争优势的特征，而博弈模型对协同效应发挥着解析工具的作用。     

会计价值机制论

本文认为,市场和企业是组织经济活动的形式,也是组织价值信息传递和价值激励的系统。市场价格机制是在长期市场供求关系作用下而形成的,而会计价值机制是随着企业的发展不断演化,在企业目标引导下组织价值信息传递和价值信息激励,以促成企业目标实现。企业替代市场或取得竞争优势,都是基于相同的原因和两种机制作用的结果,即是通过企业提供的产品或服务的成本低于市场价格而实现的。     

会计职务犯罪的心理学分析

近年来有的财会人员经不住种种诱惑,采取非法手段,侵害国家、集体和人民的利益,其突出表现为做假帐。本文从心理学的角度分析了会计职务犯罪产生的因素,会计职务犯罪对社会的危害。最后,对如何预防会计职务犯罪,运用制度经济学原理从宏观和微观两方面提出了建议。     

企业创新体系研究

企业在市场中的竞争表面上是产品的竞争、技术的竞争,实质上却是隐含于产品、技术背后的企业之间创新能力、创新意识的竞争。“在创新中求发展”已成为企业界的共识。但企业究竟该如何创新,从哪些方面进行创新,成了企业经营中较为困惑的问题。本文在分析创新概念的基础上,提出了企业创新体系的目标及总体构建,并对创新体系的主要内容进行了具体研究,为企业创新实践提供参考。     

物流管理--零售企业致胜之道

物流管理是企业管理的一个重要分支，对于零售企业来说，系统的物流管理尤为重要。物流管理是零售企业建立成本优势的有效手段，是提高顾客满意度的有力武器，也是赢得市场竞争优势的重要支撑。因此，零售企业要改变传统的物流管理观念，设计适用的物流管理系统，运用先进的物流管理技术，提高物流竞争力。     

Evolution of trade patterns in the new EU member states

The paper analyses the evolution of the trade specialization pattern in the new EU member states. Relying on the empirical approach of the Markov transition matrices it analyses both the changes in the external shape of the distribution of comparative advantages and the intra‐distribution dynamics. The new members show a dynamic trade pattern: they gained comparative advantages relatively fast in sectors in which they were lagging behind at the beginning of the transition, notably in some ‘high tech’ products. In addition, many specialization improvements occurred in those items for which world demand expanded at the fastest rate over the nineties.