逆向物流的管理策略研究

随着对物流研究的不断深入,“逆向物流”逐渐被认为是降低物流成本的有效途径.本文简单阐述了逆向物流的概念、作用、特点,结合系统工程的思想,重点从逆向物流的构成方面深入讨论了逆向物流的管理策略,希望对现代企业的逆向物流管理起到一定的作用.     

Urban density and pupil attainment

We explore the association between urban density and pupil attainment using three cohorts of pupils in schooling in England. Although—as widely recognised—attainment in dense urban places is low on average, this is not because urban environments disadvantage pupils, but because the most disadvantaged pupils with low average attainments attend the most urbanised schools. To control for this, we exploit changes in urban density faced by pupils during compulsory transition from Primary to Secondary school, and measure educational progress at the end of the Secondary phase, relative to attainment at the end of Primary schooling. Our results suggest that there are small but significant benefits from education in schools in more densely urbanised settings. We detect this density advantage even amongst pupils moving relatively short distances between Primary and Secondary schools within urban areas, so we cannot attribute it to broad urbanisation effects experienced by pupils making rural–urban school moves. A more likely explanation lies in greater school choice and competition between closely co-located educational providers.     

CO—CO型家族企业继承人选择分析

我国民营企业以家族企业为主要形式,但由于家族企业的复杂性,很难有突破。文章假设了一种具有广泛现实基础的CO-CO家族继承人选择模式,从经济学角度分析家族企业继承过程中的影响因素,并提出了构建家族企业选出恰当人选的环境氛围的建议。     

Rational plunging and the option value of sequential investment: The case of petroleum exploration

The potential to invest sequentially in related assets creates a tradeoff between diversification and concentration. Loading a portfolio with correlated assets has the potential to inflate variance, but also creates information spillovers and real options that may augment total return and mitigate variance. We examine this tradeoff in the context of petroleum exploration. Using a simple model of geological dependence, we show that the value of learning options creates incentives for investors to plunge into dependence; i.e., to assemble portfolios of highly correlated exploration prospects. Risk-neutral and risk-averse investors are distinguished not by the plunging phenomenon, but by the threshold level of dependence that triggers such behavior. Aversion to risk does not imply aversion to dependence. Indeed the potential to plunge should be larger for risk-averse investors than for risk-neutral investors. We test the empirical validity of our theory by examining bidding activity in petroleum lease sales. We find significant plunging behavior across a broad sample of oil companies. We also find that privately-held firms pursue even more concentrated (less diversified) prospect portfolios than publicly-held firms—which we attribute to risk aversion rather than size.     

品牌经济学的理论基础——引入品牌的需求曲线及其经济学分析

需求定律是经济学分析的理论基础之一,品牌经济学的理论基础为引入品牌的需求曲线或考虑选择成本的需求定律。把品牌引入经济学中后,品牌信用度的提高使需求曲线右移并变得更为陡峭,同时品牌信用度的提高改变了需求曲线的位置,使得均衡价格提高,均衡数量增加,增加了消费者剩余和生产者剩余,提高了社会福利水平。文章为“品牌战”替代“价格战”提供了理论依据,即通过品牌建设提高品牌信用度,使得在价格提高的条件下需求量增加,而这只有在需求曲线改变位置时方能做到。     

The tradeoff between mortgage prepayments and tax-deferred retirement savings

Many households face the tradeoff between paying an extra dollar off the remaining mortgage on their house and saving that extra dollar in tax-deferred accounts (TDAs) used for retirement. We show that, under certain conditions, it becomes a tax arbitrage to reduce mortgage prepayments and to increase TDA contributions because of the tax deductibility of mortgage interest and tax-exemption of qualified retirement savings. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, we document that a significant number of households that are accelerating their mortgage payments instead of saving in TDAs forgo a profitable tax arbitrage opportunity. Finally, we show empirically that this inefficient behavior is unlikely to be driven by liquidity or other financial constraints. Rather, the observed behavior can be attributed to a certain extent to the reluctance of many households to participate in financial markets as either lenders or borrowers.     

图书业逆向物流及其绩效模糊综合评价

随着人们环保意识的增强，逆向物流也逐步受到各行业的重视。图书逆向物流作为逆向物流中的一种，有着自己不同于其他物流企业的独特地方。绩效评价是企业计划和控制的有机组成部分，因此建立起能对图书业逆向物流进行精确衡量的标准，可以正确判断企业的经营管理状况，完善和提高逆向物流管理水平，从而提高企业的整体效益。论文阐述了图书逆向物流的特点及其流程，并且通过对图书逆向物流绩效评价指标的分析与选择。结合模糊数学中的综合评价方法建立图书逆向物流绩效综合评价模型。     

中国钢铁长期需求:影响因素与政策选择

近年来,我国钢铁工业得到了长足的发展。但随着国内外市场供求关系变化,钢铁工业供求结构不相适应的矛盾日益显现。钢铁工业要实现可持续发展,必须重视对市场长期需求规律的研究,将数量增长和产品结构调整相结合。本文利用协整方程对市场经济条件下经济增长等因素对我国钢铁工业推动作用进行动态分析,探讨钢铁市场的长期需求规律,对于当前钢铁产业政策发展导向、政策选择等提出建议。     

OFDI逆向技术溢出能够改善中国能源效率吗

从理论和实证两个层面考察了OFDI逆向技术溢出对中国能源效率的影响。采用2002—2016年中国30个(非全部)省(直辖市、自治区)的面板数据,运用DEA博弈交叉效率模型测算了碳排放约束下各省(直辖市、自治区)能源效率的现状。选取技术进步、产业结构等7类控制变量,采用动态面板GMM方法分析了OFDI逆向技术溢出与区域能源效率之间的动态关系。研究表明:OFDI逆向技术溢出对区域能源效率具有显著的正向促进作用,其每增加1%,将带来能源效率0.0613%的提升;在其他控制变量中,技术进步、产业结构优化、能源结构优化、外商直接投资对能源效率具有正向促进作用,城镇化水平对能源效率具有负向抑制作用,人力资本水平与对外开放度对能源效率具有正向促进作用,但不显著。以上发现为"一带一路"背景下区域节能减排政策的制定提供了经验证据。     

资源型城市逆向物流一体化发展动力机制与发展模式研究

通过分析企业、政府、社会公众对资源型城市逆向物流一体化发展的驱动力,构建了基于集聚效应和专业化分工的逆向物流一体化发展的动力机制,提出了资源型城市逆向物流一体化发展的产业共生模式、全社会循环模式、两网合一模式,分析了各种模式的构成要素、运作主体、设施配置及适用对象。最后,以四川省的四类资源型城市为例,分析了其逆向物流服务体系的发展情况,给出了逆向物流一体化发展模式的选用建议。