论旅游市场营销环境与旅游业可持续发展

随着科学技术的高度发展,旅游者的选择性强,旅游活动范围大,使旅游供给者面临越来越激烈的竞争。旅游企业要求得生存和发展必须要对旅游市场进行准确定位,在可持续发展观念指导下开展市场营销活动。创造良好的、协调发展的旅游市场营销环境是实现旅游业可持续发展的基础和保证。     

中国加入世贸组织后外贸管理体系变化研究

中国自改革开放至加入WTO,外贸法规、政策发生了很大变化,与过去相比,正向更加标准、更加透明方向迈进,逐渐接近国际标准.但目前中国外贸法体系及与之相关的实施细则有待于修正和完善,进一步适应WTO规范.     

The Returns to Education: Microeconomics

In this paper we focus on education as a private decision to invest in "human capital" and the estimation of the rate of return to that private investment. While the literature is replete with studies that estimate the rate of return using regression methods where the estimated return is obtained as the coefficient on a years of education variable in a log wage equation that contains controls for work experience and other individual characteristics, the issue is surrounded with difficulties. We outline the theoretical arguments underpinning the empirical developments and show that the evidence on private returns to the individual is compelling. Despite some of these issues surrounding the estimation of the return to schooling, our evidence, based on estimates from a variety of datasets and specifications, is that there is an unambiguously positive effect on the earnings of an individual from participation in education. Moreover, the size of the effect seems large relative to the returns on other investments.     

科学创新的人文动源系统

创新是当今世界发展的主题,科学创新是创新链条的初环,研究科学创新的动力系统成为一种必然.科学创新的人文内涵表现在各种人文要素对其影响上,这些结构要素的系统动力学效应成为科学创新的动力源泉.这些人文要素大体包括哲学、宗教、政治制度、法律、社会道德、文学和艺术等.它们主要从诱发基本观念、规范、情感三个角度对科学创新产生影响.     

济钢钢渣综合利用现状和建议

介绍了济钢钢渣综合利用的现状和国内比较先进的钢渣处理技术，对钢渣利用存在的问题提出了建议。     

系统评估过程研究

通过系统及其目标的定义、议题及其目标的确立、指标及其性能标准的选择、指标的测量及其图形的绘制、指标的聚合、绘制指标图并评估其结果等步骤,构建系统评估过程模型,并以区域可持续发展系统为例,进行区域可持续发展评估。     

Regional integration: an empirical assessment of Russia

Using a statistical model of commodity trade, we quantify the evolution of regional economic integration within Russia during 1995–1999, and explore potential determinants of this evolution. Our integration measure exhibits rich regional variation that, when aggregated to the national level, fluctuates substantially over time. In accounting for this behavior, we draw in part on theoretical models that emphasize the potential role of openness to international trade and regional disparities in income in threatening economic integration. Controlling for a host of additional regional- and national-level variables, we find a strong negative correspondence between openness to international trade and internal economic integration.     

科学发展观视野中的生态旅游资源开发研究——以大连为例

目前，生态旅游越来越受到各国的普遍关注，并正在迅速发展成为一种新兴的旅游形式。我国的生态旅游在近十年的发展也十分迅速，大连的生态旅游业也呈现出良好的发展态势。本论文从开发生态旅游资源的原则谈起，在全面列举大连生态旅游资源现状的基础上，从科学发展观发展的视角，提出大连开发生态旅游资源的策略选择，并对大连生态旅游产品的设计进行了探讨。     

Innovative productivity and returns to scale in the pharmaceutical industry

This study shows that firms in the pharmaceutical industry experience decreasing returns to scale in R & D as the level of R & D expenditures rises. The paper presents the results of our study of the innovative output of 16 pharmaceutical firms over a 19 year period. Given the strong correlation between R & D budgets and firm size, our study suggests the wave of mergers in the industry may yield less innovative productivity than managers expect.     

国土资源行政管理的若干应用基础理论问题（下）－资源开发与资源产业

从自然资源投入产出关系分析入手 ,论述了资源产业的两大产业群———资源开发业与资源再生产业 ,揭示了其内外经济关系。