Counting carbon: historic emissions from fossil fuels,long-run measures of sustainable development and carbon debt

This article examines how to account for the welfare effects of carbon dioxide emissions, using the historical experiences of Britain and the USA from the onset of the industrial revolution to the present. While a single country might isolate itself from the detrimental effects of global warming in the short run, in the long all countries are unable to free ride. Thus, we support the use of a single global price for carbon dioxide emissions. The calculated price should decrease as we move back in time to take into account that carbon dioxide is a stock pollutant, and that one unit added to the present large stock is likely to cause more damage than a unit emitted under the lower concentration levels in the past. We incorporate the annual costs of British and US carbon emissions into genuine savings, and calculate the accumulated costs of their carbon dioxide emissions. Enlarging the scope and calculating the cumulative cost of carbon dioxide from the four largest emitters gives new insights into the question of who is responsible for climate change.     

基于星上自适应FEC的卫星数据分发

为了解决卫星数据分发系统中雨衰对下行链路的异构性影响,建立了基于再生转发器和多波束技术的卫星数据分发系统简化模型,提出了采用星上自适应分组级FEC（Forward Error Control）的下行链路差错控制方法,针对下行链路的降雨等级自适应选择纠错码率,在不占用上行共享链路的情况下,实现对下行链路差错控制的动态调整,给出了采用RSE码的星上自适应FEC的算法公式,通过MATLAB软件和端到端的FEC技术进行了仿真比较分析,结果表明,当下行链路降雨率小于50%时,网络吞吐率可提高12%~25%。该策略可以为多波束宽带卫星数据分发系统的设计提供参考。     

卫星通信新技术现状与展望

卫星通信技术已成为陆海空天一体化信息网络系统的重要组成部分。介绍了卫星通信新技术中星上载荷、物理层传输、卫星通信天线和更高频段卫星通信等技术的现状,深入分析了它们的发展趋势,提出了有待进一步研究的关键技术,为我国卫星通信系统设计提供借鉴和思路。     

中小企业应收账款融资信用风险评价研究——以农业中小上市企业为例

以农业中小上市企业为例,构建应收账款融资信用风险评价体系,并通过Logistic模型度量基于违约概率的应收账款融资信用风险.结果表明,农业中小上市企业的盈利能力、成长能力、营运能力及应收账款质量、下游企业资质、供应链运营状况对其应收账款融资信用风险有重要影响,经检验该模型在预测农业中小上市企业应收账款融资信用风险方面的准确性较高,可为银行等金融机构对中小企业应收账款融资信用风险预警提供思路.     

Why Has China's Current Account Balance Converged after the Global Financial Crisis?

China's current account surplus declined significantly from its peak of nearly 10 percent of GDP in 2007 to less than 1 percent in 2018. The new pattern offered fresh evidence for our understanding of China's current account dynamics. In this paper, we used flow of funds data to gauge its underlying driving forces. Specifically, by employing index decomposition analysis, we decomposed the current account from the perspective of savings and investment into three sectors: the household, corporate, and government sectors. We found that the decline in China's current account ratio was first driven by cyclical factors, i.e. weak corporate saving growth induced by the economic slump in 2009 as well as the following massive corporate investment bolstered by the government stimulus plan. However, such cyclical factors quickly subsided, and the subsequent current account balance reduction was later supported by structural factors, i.e. household savings declined enduringly and the Chinese government switched to a more expansionary fiscal policy. There are three possible explanations for the structural movement: reduced precautionary saving due to higher social security coverage ratio, lower corporate profits as a result of economic slowdown, and a twin deficit due to the government's more relaxed fiscal stance. The new facts, however, were not consistent with other current account theories focusing on long‐term aspects of the saving–investment account puzzle, especially those relating to China's special demographic characteristics.     

征信推动普惠金融发展的博弈分析——以应收账款融资服务平台为例

应收账款融资服务平台作为人民银行组建的金融基础设施,能通过盘活应收账款存量,提高融资效率,有效发挥征信推动普惠金融发展的作用。用博弈论方法分析平台参与各主体,认为应鼓励企事业单位踊跃加入平台,完善系统服务功能,合理配置平台融资的投向结构,助推社会信用体系建设等,以加强平台推广,促进普惠金融发展。     

现代企业加强应收账款管理的对策探讨——以TY公司为例

加强应收账款的管理和回收是现代企业管理的重要问题之一.针对国内现代企业应收账款居高不下且管理不善的现状,通过剖析TY公司应收账款管理和回收方面积累的经验,提出了建立应收账款动态风险管理机制和对应收账款进行分类管理、分期管理以及明确企业相关部门职责等对策措施,以期对我国现代企业应收账款的管理和回收提供借鉴.     

中小企业应收账款质押融资模式中的道德风险研究

应收账款质押融资作为供应链金融较常见的融资模式,是解决中小企业融资难的有效途径。该模式的风险因素包括信用风险、道德风险、法律风险和行业风险。其中道德风险主要由银企之间信息不对称引起。博弈论分析表明,道德风险受核心企业的监督意愿、银行和核心企业的监督成本以及对违约企业的惩罚力度的影响。     

借贷记账法悖论

借贷记账法已经有510多年的历史,借贷记账法由于相对清晰的对应关系和相对严谨的科学理论性,成为当今世界会计的主流.但是,借贷记账法作为人们认识和改造世界的手段和工具仍然存在着一定的不足.需要不断的更新和完善,才能适应社会发展的需要.正是基于这样的目的,结合多年来教学实践和理论研究,作者对借贷记账法理论的基础--"实"、"虚"两类账户并重体系的弊端进行了探讨,并提出了新的借贷记账法的基本设想.     

MEASURING VARIATIONS IN LIFETIME WELFARE EX ANTE AND EX POST: SOME EXPLORATORY CALCULATIONS

Whereas longevity‐adjusted consumption measures have become increasingly used as indicators of lifetime standards of living, it remained unnoticed that those measures, by relying on period – rather than cohort – life tables, constitute indicators of expected – rather than actual – lifetime standards of living. In order to estimate the actual gap between ex ante and ex post measures of lifetime welfare, this paper computes, for 19th‐century European economies, longevity‐adjusted consumption measures based on period and cohort life tables. It is shown that the gap between ex ante and ex post measures is statistically significant, and that attempts to reduce it are likely to be unsuccessful, because standards of living tend to exhibit, over temporal horizons as long as a human life, structural breaks, which make the ex ante measurement of lifetime welfare highly speculative.