Macroeconomic effects of government spending shocks: New narrative evidence from Canada

This paper examines the macroeconomic effects of government spending shocks in Canada for the period of 1949–2012. We construct a novel measure of news about exogenous government spending changes identified through the narrative approach. We use government documents, mostly the budget speech, to identify the size, timing, and principal motivation for all planned major federal government spending changes. To achieve identification, we consider those changes that are unrelated to the contemporaneous movements in the economy. The implied government spending multiplier estimates using our exogenous government spending news series are between 1.08 and 1.69.     

基于中分辨率遥感图像的土地利用与覆被分类系统构建

研究目的:研制基于遥感的土地利用与覆被分类系统,为国家土地利用与覆被基础数据库建设和宏观土地资源遥感动态监测提供分类依据。研究方法:文献资料法、比较分析法和计算机试验法。研究结果:根据中分辨率卫星传感器的波谱响应特征和土地利用与覆被遥感信息获取技术,提出基于中分辨率遥感图像的土地利用与覆被分类系统,并给出各个类别在遥感图像上的解译标志。研究结论:该系统基本可以满足在国家尺度上的遥感分类应用要求。     

THE SUBSTANCE OF ACCOUNTING FOR PUBLIC‐PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

This article evaluates Public‐Private Partnerships (PPP) accounting practice and the related financial accounting and reporting requirements. Governments across the world are seeking to access private finance to improve public infrastructure. Accounting for PPPs has encountered many difficulties, one of which is the practice by which PPPs are not accounted for as fixed assets on the balance sheet of either the public sector client or the private sector operator. Accounting for PPPs has grown in importance at a time of transition from national Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (GAAP) to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Under UK GAAP, both client and operator accounting adopt the reasoning – familiar from leasing standards – of the allocation of risks and rewards between the parties to determine the party which should recognize the fixed asset on its balance sheet. The gap in IFRS with regard to operator accounting has been filled by the interpretation IFRIC 12 on service concession agreements: this moves the reasoning from risks and rewards to control, familiar from consolidation standards. The UK Treasury and the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB) have required/proposed the adoption of the mirror‐image treatment of IFRIC 12. In most, but not all, cases, control will be assessed to rest with the client, which will recognize property, plant and equipment, and not with the operator, which will recognize either a financial asset or an intangible asset on the basis of an assessment of which party bears the majority of risks and rewards. Under both UK GAAP and IFRS, accounting policy choices are strongly influenced by, for the client, governmental control frameworks, and for the operator, by the implications for the profile of distributable profits and for taxation. An important public policy issue is that the national accounts, which for European Union member states must comply with European System of Accounts 1995, will remain on a risks and rewards basis. It is these numbers that will be used in assessments of macro‐fiscal policy and fiscal risks, notwithstanding that the Eurostat version of risks and rewards is even more open to manipulation than were the national financial reporting standards.     

一种基于CMA和DDLMS算法的双模式盲均衡算法

为进一步改进盲均衡算法收敛速度慢、稳态误差大、计算复杂度高等问题,提出一种切换模式和加权模式联合CMA(Constant Modulus Algorithm)+DDLMS(Direct Decision Least Mean Square)双模式盲均衡算法。综合切换双模式盲均衡算法和加权双模式盲均衡算法的优缺点,对切换、加权模式联合的CMA+DDLMS双模式盲均衡算法进行仿真。在不同信噪比条件下,对CMA算法、MCMA(Modified CMA)算法、DDLMS算法和CMA+DDLMS双模式盲均衡算法进行仿真,结果表明,所提算法收敛速度快,约为600个符号;稳态误差小,约为0.1;误码率小,在信噪比为25 dB时,误码率约为10-6。该算法可广泛应用于无线通信、光通信、声呐和雷达等众多领域。     

规避应收账款风险的OPS三条线管理

管理应收账款,规避坏账风险对每一个企业都非常重要。笔者认为可以从目标管理(O)、过程管理(P)、制度管理(S)三条线同时着手,进行应收账款管理。目标是管理的方向和评判的标准;良好的过程控制可以进一步降低风险;完善的制度是有效管理的保障。三条线同时着手、三管齐下才能有效规避应收账款可能带来的风险。     

会计学的视觉化教学研究

人的各种感觉机能中视觉在学习中起的作用最大,人们在学习知识的过程中,观看图象比阅读文字学习效率更高,效果更好。文章论述了会计学视觉化教学的必要性,并分别通过折旧原理、成本计算原理、借贷记帐原理三个会计视觉化教学的范例,介绍了会计视觉化教学的一般方法,指出会计的视觉化教学的实质是模型化。     

浅析LEO卫星网络中的QoS路由问题

LEO卫星网络能够提供全球覆盖,为任何地点的用户提供适时应用服务。然而由于LEO的高速运动,LEO卫星网络的网络拓扑一直处于动态变化的过程中。文中首先分析了在这种动态变化的网络环境中QoS路由面临的新问题,接着提出了解决这些问题的几点考虑。     

LEO卫星通信系统的呼叫接入性能分析

在均匀业务模型的基础上，根据LEO卫星通信系统自身特点，提出了一种简单有效的呼叫接入控制策略，这种策略能在非均匀业务下较好地工作，此时系统新呼叫阻塞率和切换呼叫失败率能达到更好的平衡。在分析随机接入（RANDOM）算法和预留保护信道（GC）算法的基础上，进行了计算机仿真，并给出了相应的仿真结果。     

Ku波段通信卫星模拟转发器设计中的关键问题

转发器是通信卫星中的通信分系统,是通信卫星的核心。模拟转发器作为通信卫星转发器地面测试的专用设备,主要用于模拟该转发器的频率关系及电平关系。在介绍转发器的结构、特点的基础上,对转发器噪声系数、增益分配、电磁兼容等转发器设计中的关键问题进行分析,并给出某一采用一次变频体制方案的Ku波段模拟转发器的系统实现方法。最后得到系统测试结果,证明了设计的可行性和可靠性。     

小仰角下移动卫星通信性能的改善及仿真

移动卫星通信系统为功率受限系统,相对地面移动通信而言,其链路余量较小,而且由于多径及遮蔽效应,当系统工作在小仰角时,其信号衰落可达到30dB,这对系统的设计提出了严峻的挑战。本文研究了信道编码和交织技术在移动卫星通信系统中的应用。通过仿真,得到了应用该技术对不同仰角特别是小仰角条件下系统性能的改善程度。同时,在研究信道相关的基础上,给出了交织相关参数的设计准则。