从个人决策向决策科学化转型——中国民营企业实现可持续发展必须跨越的台阶

21世纪是以数字技术、基因技术为基础,以信息革命和生物革命为标志的新经济时代。与时俱进,实现技术、产品、管理、组织、文化的创新,特别是重大决策的科学化,是企业获得持续发展的关键所在。不少中国民营企业至今对此认识不足,而迷信个人作用,搞个人决策,这正是造成其短命的重要原因之一。深入分析中国民营企业决策个人化的危害和根源,有利于实现从个人决策向决策科学化的转型。     

关于科研事业单位内部经济责任审计的思考

事业单位加强经济责任审计是促进管理科学化、规范化,提高管理水平的重要环节和重要途径,对建立健全惩治和预防腐败体系具有重要意义。文章从内部经济责任审计的特点和内容入手,分析探讨现阶段审计实施中存在的各种问题,从而探索科研事业单位内部经济责任审计的未来发展方向和具体操作方法。     

用科学发展观矫正经济全球化发展的弊端和缺陷

科学发展观的提出既符合当代中国国情,又符合时代发展潮流;既包含着深刻的人文精神,又体现出鲜明的全球化时代特征;如果将这一发展观付诸实践,将不仅对我国的社会主义改革和发展产生巨大而深远的影响,并对全人类的可持续发展和全球化的积极推进做出巨大贡献,还可以使之尽早从资本主义主导的全球化困境中走出来,最终实现社会主义、共产主义的全球化理想境界。     

科学发展观视角下西部资源型城市科学转型研究——以甘肃省为例

伴随着主体资源的桔竭,曾为国家和地区经济发展以及城市化进程做出了重要贡献的资源型城市,将不得不面临转型的现实选择。资源型城市的转型是一项系统工程,不仅是指资源型企业的转型,更是涉及到经济、社会、生态、文化等多种耦合因素的转型。文章以西部地区典型的资源型省份甘肃省为例。从资源型产业周期特点出发,结合甘肃资源型城市转型中所面临的现实问题,提出了在科学发展观指导下甘肃资源型城市科学转型的思路,并在这一思路的基础上提出了促进甘肃资源型城市转型的对策建议,以期对西部其他省份资源型城市转型提供借鉴。     

基于web的高校教学与科研精细化管理模式研究

本文探讨了将高校教学与科研目标管理转换为多层次指标和权重的绩效管理的方法,采用精细化的管理理论,设计了利用网络和计算机技术解决高校教学与科研的考核与奖罚的管理模式。对高校信息化、精细化、标准化管理和过程控制具有重要意义。     

增强高校人文社会科学研究竞争力初探

本文分析和研究了高校人文社会科学研究竞争力评价指标体系,并以部分财经类高校为研究案例,提出了增强高校人文社会科学研究竞争力,实施“三优”战略的决策建议。     

Poxvirus‐vectored Vaccines Call for Application of the Precautionary Principle

Genetically engineered viruses (GEVs) used as live vaccines are, and will increasingly become, important for prevention of disease in human as well as animal populations. Poxviruses have a number of attractive theoretical and practical advantages as gene expressing vaccine vectors: their large genomes render construction of multivalent vaccines feasible, the vaccines are easy to produce, the virus particles are very thermostable, and inoculation is followed by long‐lasting, protective immune responses. On the other hand, administration and environmental release of GEVs may represent potential unintended harms to human, animal and ecosystem health. We will argue that a strict application of risk‐cost/benefit analyses do not cope appropriately with the current lack of scientific understanding and the complexity of ecosystems that will become GEV recipients, and fail to take into account the deeper ethical groundings that shape the scientific and public opinions. To avoid serious, unintended ecological effects of GEVs, it may be necessary to elaborate the ethical basis for protecting health and the environment. The Precautionary Principle (PP) may provide a basis for adequate consideration of ecological and ethical issues of vital importance to protection of health and environment from unforeseen adverse effects of poxvirus‐vectored vaccines. To operationalise the PP, we suggest that there is a need to identify and systematise lack of scientific understanding, and to acknowledge uncertainty by initiating research with a broad focus involving interdisciplinary research. In this paper we present three main issues related to the employment of the PP: i) identification of scientific uncertainty and its ethical significance in risk assessment and risk management processes, ii) the need for broad risk assessment as a response to scientific uncertainty, and iii) the need for transparency and public involvement to enhance the debate about normative standards concerning acceptability of benefits, risks and uncertainty with regard to GEV use and release.     

Measuring responsible financial consumption behaviour

Sound consumption decisions determine individuals’ well‐being; responsible financial consumption behaviour (RFCB) affects not only their finances but also their societal status and emotional state. The failure to manage personal finances responsibly may result in serious long‐term consequences for individuals and society overall. In order to evaluate the concept of RFCB, this study combines two established theoretical frameworks—the family management system and the theory of planned behaviour. The paper investigates the relationships among RFCB, responsible financial attitudes, financial literacy and behavioural control. Its theoretical model is tested on a random sample of 494 respondents and analysed using PLS‐SEM. The results confirm the formation of responsible consumption behaviour by six formative elements: self‐control in spending, planning for the future, seeking information, education, rational decision‐making and solvency. The findings also indicate that all three focal variables have a direct effect on RFCB.     

The emergence of the 'accountant' in the institutions of Ancient Egypt

This paper examines the emergence of, and the roles played by accountants in some of the institutions of ancient Egypt. The paper documents evidence relating to the importance of the scribal occupation compared to other occupations available to the young Egyptians, and traces the emergence and functioning of scribal schools in which the pupils learned how to read and write and how to master numerical skills. Thereafter, the paper provides some illustrative examples of the diverse activities of the scribes in accounting for both the public (state) and private economic domains. The paper argues that right from the dawn of the dynastic era in Egypt (3000 B.C.) by dint of placing themselves at the centre of economic relations, the scribes (accountants) were among the most esteemed in society and the scribal occupation was one of the most prestigious occupations. The paper also argues that accounting then, just as it remains today, held a central position in the economic, social and political settings throughout the long and illustrious history of ancient Egypt.