New product introduction with costly search

In the usual model of product market search, a low search cost can turn out to have detrimental incentives on new product introduction as the low search cost erodes firms’ market power, attenuating the profit from innovation. This paper studies a model of monopolistic competition with costly search, where the point of departure is that of a fixed cost of initiating search. In this environment, a low search cost could turn out to be favorable to innovation. At a low search cost, more consumers may decide to start searching, possibly resulting in higher profits for firms in the larger market, despite the erosion of market power.     

Consumer product search and purchase behaviour using various retail channels: the role of perceived retail usefulness

The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of consumers' perceptions of retail usefulness for product information search and their previous purchase satisfaction on their frequencies of product information search and product purchase behaviours for apparel products. These relationships were investigated in five retail settings – Internet shopping, catalogue shopping, television shopping, local retail shopping, and non‐local retail shopping. One hundred seventy‐six students in a US Midwestern university provided usable responses. The results of causal model analyses showed that the proposed model fits the data well for all five retail channels. Consumers who perceived a certain retail channel more useful for product information search searched for product information more frequently via that retail channel, and purchased products more often via that retail channel. Consumers who were more satisfied with apparel purchases from a retail channel purchased the products more frequently via that retail channel. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities

The assumption that ‘local search’ constrains the direction of corporate R&D is central in evolutionary perspectives on technological change and competition. In this paper, we propose a network-analytic approach for identifying the evolution of firms' technological positions. The approach (1) permits graphical and quantitative assessments of the extent to which firms' search behavior is locally bounded, and (2) enables firms to be positioned and grouped according to the similarities in their innovative capabilities. The utility of the proposed framework is demonstrated by an analysis of strategic partnering and the evolution of the technological positions of the 10 largest Japanese semiconductor producers from 1982 to 1992.     

What Drives the Property Price-Trading Volume Correlation? Evidence from a Commercial Real Estate Market

The significant price-trading volume correlation found in the residential property market presents a challenge to the rational expectation hypothesis. Existing theories account for this fact with either capital market imperfection (down-payment effect or loss-aversion consideration) or imperfect information (search theoretic models). This paper employs data from a commercial real estate market, which face a different degree of severity of capital market constraint than the residential market, and thus provide an indirect but effective test for alternative theories. Policy implications are also discussed.     

中国企业全球攻略:“三位一体”廓清贸易障碍

当今形势下,全球化战略成为中国企业的必然选择。中国企业应从战略高度上,以全球为市场、以学习为手段,来积蓄国际化经营的知识经验和管理技能,培育能带来持久竞争优势的战略资源与核心能力,构筑全新的竞争优势。但金融危机爆发以来,国际贸易保护主义重新抬头,各国因自身利益而产生的贸易摩擦越来越多。作为世界贸易大国,受国际国内双重因素影响,我国也面临着国际贸易摩擦的高发期,贸易摩擦日益成为阻碍我国企业全球化战略发展的消极因素。为有效破解国际贸易壁垒,妥善处理贸易摩擦问题,推动国内企业向国际型企业成功转变,必须从国家、行业、企业三个层面入手化解国际贸易摩擦。     

海上遇险搜救综合通信系统的设计与实现

为了提高我国海上搜救应急反应的调度、指挥能力,利用现代通信、计算机、计算机 电信合成（CTI）等技术,实现了海上遇险搜救综合通信系统。该系统采用程控调度交换和 无线电台适配的方案,使用无线电台适配器将无线通信转换为有线通信,再通过程控交换机 将各级海上搜救中各类卫星、语音电话、视频系统等异构终端综合互联,实现有线通信系统 与无线通信系统的无缝连接,从而为值班和搜救指挥人员提供专业、便捷的通信、操作手段 ,提高指挥判断的准确性和效率。     

A tabu search heuristic for redesigning a multi-echelon supply chain network over a planning horizon

This paper addresses the problem of redesigning a supply chain network with multiple echelons and commodities. The problem belongs to a comprehensive class of network redesign problems previously introduced in the literature. Redesign decisions comprise the relocation of existing facilities to new sites under an available budget over a finite time horizon, the supply of commodities by upstream facilities, the inventory levels at storage facilities, and the flow of commodities through the network. The problem is modeled as a large-scale mixed-integer linear program. Feasible solutions are obtained by using a tabu search procedure that explores the space of the facility location variables. The latter prescribe the time periods in which changes in the network configuration occur. They are triggered by the setup of new facilities, which operate with capacity transferred from the existing facilities, and by closing the latter upon their entire relocation. As the problem is highly constrained, infeasible solutions with excess budget are allowed during the course of the search process. However, such solutions are penalized for their infeasibility. Computational experiments on realistically sized randomly generated instances indicate that this strategic oscillation scheme used in conjunction with tabu search performs very well.     

On the Welfare Gains of Price Dispersion

Can price dispersion be associated with higher levels of welfare? To answer we compare two economies that differ only in the way prices are formed. In the first, sellers post a unique price–quantity pair, with no price dispersion. In the second, sellers post a quantity only and let prices be determined ex post by realized demand, resulting in price dispersion. We show that while agents trade lower quantities when prices are dispersed (an intensive margin effect), they also trade more often (an extensive margin effect). At low inflation, the extensive margin dominates making agents better off with price dispersion.     

机载传感器无引导搜索策略研究

针对机载传感器搜索任务,将无引导搜索问题分为搜索区域目标出现概率未知和已知两种情况进行了讨论。在搜索区域仅有一个目标和忽略传感器搜索视场切换的前提假设下,在搜索时间最短的要求下,提出了一种最优搜索策略,即任一视场的搜索次数与该视场中目标出现概率的平方根成正比。并通过仿真实例表现了该搜索策略：未知目标出现概率的情况下是一种顺序搜索,而已知目标出现概率的情况下是优先、多次搜索目标出现概率较大视场的同时,还无遗漏的兼顾搜索其他视场。该策略使传感器尽快满足任务要求,缩减工作时间。     

适用于宽带网络波形的基于定价策略的时隙选择

针对宽带网络波形（Wideband Networking Waveform,WNW）的多信道二维时频资源,以减小网络资源浪费为优化目标,提出了一种基于定价策略的时隙选择方法（Pricing Strategy Based Slot Selection,PSSS）。该方法通过接纳控制保障资源分配的公平性,采用对偶优化建模与椭圆搜索法实现最优的时隙选择。理论分析证明该方法能够在多项式级别时间复杂度内搜索到时隙选择的最优解。仿真结果表明,提出的PSSS算法通过较低资源浪费获得了较低的容量冗余度,能够有效地解决WNW多信道网络的时隙选择问题。