Subterranean Commodification: Informal Housing and the Legalization of Basement Suites in Vancouver from 1928 to 2009

This article draws on Margaret Radin's theorization of ‘contested commodities' to explore the process whereby informal housing becomes formalized while also being shaped by legal regulation. In seeking to move once‐informal housing into the domain of official legality, cities can seldom rely on a simple legal framework of private‐law principles of property and contract. Instead, they face complex trade‐offs between providing basic needs and affordability and meeting public‐law norms around living standards, traditional neighbourhood feel and the environment. This article highlights these issues through an examination of the uneven process of legal formalization of basement apartments in Vancouver, Canada. We chose a lengthy period—from 1928 to 2009—to explore how basement apartments became a vital source of housing often at odds with city planning that has long favoured a low‐density residential built form. We suggest that Radin's theoretical account makes it possible to link legalization and official market construction with two questions: whether to permit commodification and how to permit commodification. Real‐world commodification processes—including legal sanction—reflect hybridization, pragmatic decision making and regulatory compromise. The resolution of questions concerning how to legalize commodification are also intertwined with processes of market expansion.     

城市轨道交通主变电所无功补偿方案研究

分析了城市轨道交通用电负荷的特点及主变电所无功补偿的意义,在现有三种无功补偿方案(电抗器固定补偿、SVC及SVG动态补偿)的基础上,结合轨道交通用电负荷的特点及目前低压配电系统、直流牵引系统新设备的采用,提出了两种新的无功补偿方案。     

人脸比对智能程序的开发实践

在百度平台创建应用,获得API Key和Secret Key。选用HTTP访问方式,获得人脸比对的Access_token。利用Python代码向URL发送请求,获取了“人脸比对”结果,通过数据抓取显示了比对结果。利用Tkinter设计的GUI界面,用户只需要选择两张人脸图片,可以立即获得比对结果。     

股权再融资与企业现金分红

股权再融资往往意味着企业存在大量的融资需求,而实践中普遍存在的股权再融资后立即现金分红的现象有悖于募集资金的优序使用原则。基于此,本文从管理层自利视角出发,在对企业股权再融资后现金分红的行为偏好检验的基础上,进一步选取管理层薪酬增长率和企业股权质押活动作为管理层自利程度的代理变量,探索企业股权再融资后现金分红倾向的边界条件,为该行为背后的代理动机提供证明。基于2007~2017年所有A股上市公司样本,研究发现,企业的确存在股权再融资后立即现金分红的行为倾向;而较低的管理层薪酬增长率和企业股权质押活动会加剧企业股权融资对现金分红的促进作用。进一步研究发现,企业股权再融资活动会给现金分红带来消极的市场反应。上述研究结果表明,管理层自利是股权再融资的重要推动因素,而这一行为会给企业利益造成损害。     

CEO compensation in EU telecom companies: Does the state design the right incentives?

This paper analyzes the structure of CEO pay in European fixed telecommunication companies, focusing on the impact of state ownership. Results show that, under the (partial or total) control of the state, the level of CEO compensation is lower and pay-performance sensitivity is higher than in privately-controlled firms. This finding suggests the state provides an incentive as well as a monitoring effect. However, when the state holds the majority of the shares, the pay level is significantly affected by the CEO power, suggesting that in these firms, CEOs are more likely to be entrenched with boards and succeed in raising their pay.     

Security regulations,access to capital markets,and firm performance: Evidence from China

This study explores the cost of security regulations in China, where firms are required to meet a certain profitability benchmark before applying for permission to raise more equity via secondary equity offerings (SEOs). Using a difference-in-differences setting, we show that firms affected by the regulation (i.e., firms with high external financing demands (EFD) but profitability lower than the regulatory requirement) significantly underperform their counterparts, while unaffected firms do not. The affected firms’ performance decline increases (decreases) when the requirement of profitability is more (less) restricted. Consistently, the three-day cumulative abnormal return (CAR) of firms with high EFD is significantly negative (positive) when the regulation is tightened (loosened). Our study provides evidence on how the cost of regulation affects companies that have growth opportunities.     

论中职教师到企业实践进修难点——从中职教师到企业实践进修的难点看建立专业工作室的必要性

文章通过对当前中职院校教师轮训的现状分析探讨其中存在的问题,提出成立专业工作室来解决教师实践的有效策略。     

浅谈工程项目的二次经营

在《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》大力推行后,对二次经营既赋予更多的内涵也提出了更加严格的要求。如何全面有效地搞好二次经营是施工企业经营管理工作的一个重要环节,笔者根据参加工程项目管理中发生的二次经营案例,对施工单位搞好工程项目二次经营谈了六点认识:1正确理解二次经营,增强二次经营意识;2熟读合同条款,掌握二次经营依据;3收集原始资料,充实二次经营证据;4执行二次经营规定,遵循二次经营程序;5编撰二次经营报告,论证二次经营权利;6讲究策略技巧,确保二次经营成功。     

城市供水的二次污染原因及治理

自来水经过一定的处理工艺,然后经过配送管网输送至各户。水在配送管网中流动的过程中,往往会受到管网、供水管道及附属设备的影响,造成二次污染。因此,要切实做好城市供水二次污染的防治工作,提高人们的生活质量。基于此,本文提出了城市供水二次污染的几点原因和一般性的治理对策。