Rental markets for cultivated land and agricultural investments in China

The purpose of this paper is to empirically track the progress and consequences of the emergence of cultivated land markets in China since 2000. We draw on a set of nationwide, household‐level panel data (for 2000 and 2008) and find that the markets for cultivated land rental have emerged robustly. According to our data, 19 of China's cultivated land was rented in farm operators in 2008. We also find that the nature of China's cultivated land rental contracts has become more formal and lengthened the period of time that the tenant is able to cultivate the rented‐in plots. While there may be benefits for lessors and tenants, our data show that there are falling rates of investment in organic manure. The farmers in our sample have reduced organic manure use from 13 tons/ha in 2000 to 5 tons/ha in 2008. Part of this fall is due to the rise of cultivated land rental markets. The analysis, however, does not find that improved property rights in cultivated land rental affect investment largely because property rights have largely been established by 2000, the first year of our sample. Our results, however, also show that there are forces that appear to be mitigating the negative consequences of rising cultivated land rental. After holding constant initial rental rates and other factors, we find that the gap between investment in organic manure in own land and rented‐in land is narrowing. One interpretation of our findings is that if policymakers can find ways to even further strengthen the rights of lessors and tenants as well as lengthen contract periods, farmers—even those that rent—will invest more in their land, because they will be able to capture the returns to their investments.     

后金融危机时期解读我国宏观经济政策

在国际金融危机持续蔓延时期,各国出台相应政策扭转不利局势。我国政府在2008年和2009年也出台了多项宏观政策来应对危机,并取得了一定的成效。危机已过,余波未平,在后金融危机时期,这些政策发挥着怎样的作用,今后宏观调控的方针和措施是什么?本文将针对这些问题一一解读。     

所得税申报中资产时间性差异的调整方法比较

在所得税申报中,资产时间性差异的纳税调整要涉及几个纳税年度,并且一个正常生产经营企业的资产往往处在动态过程中。每年有新增资产,也有出售、报废、到期的资产,要准确无误地对其进行纳税调整,是所得税申报中的一个常见问题也是难点问题。文章通过对所得税申报中资产时间性差异调整的两种方法的比较,确定一种较为简便可行的方法。     

转型期中国城市区域化发展特点与机制探析

城市区域化是各国城市化发展中具有共性的历程,城市区域正在成为全球竞争的基本单元。从经济增长、禀赋条件、区域协作、门户城市等方面概括了城市区域的发展条件,进而从城市区域分布、沿海城市区域特点、行政区经济、人口集聚效能、政策调控下的门户城市等方面分析市场化转型期中国城市区域的发展特点与机制,最后提出了推进我国城市区域化发展的政策建议。     

Statistics by Gender: Measures to Reduce Gender Bias in Agricultural Surveys

Statistics by gender has been the concern of policy makers in the recent past years. The demand on data disaggregated by gender has led the survey statistician to collect data and tabulate statistics by gender. In this paper, some measures will be suggested to avoid and reduce gender bias for data collection and tabulation in agricultural surveys.     

社会转型期间教育爱的缺失与回归

由于其处于社会转型期,教育爱正在经受着不同程度的挑战与侵蚀,进而导致了许多教育问题。因此需要审视我们的教育爱对于处于这一个特殊时期存在的一些缺失问题,进而从形成以学生为主体的教育爱的品质,以接受为前提的教育爱的方式等方面内容对于教育爱的回归进行探究。     

新疆高校少数民族大学生预科汉语学习状况调查分析

在预科汉语学习中,由于少数民族大学生自身汉语水平、对预科汉语学习的认识以及高校在预科汉语课程设置、师资队伍、教材、教学方法等方面的一些不足,制约了少数民族大学生的预科汉语学习。若要解决少数民族大学生预科汉语学习中存在的问题,就应从完善预科汉语课程设置、抓好师资队伍建设、做好预科汉语教材建设、提升教学理念、改进教学方法等方面着手,进一步提高少数民族大学生预科汉语学习的积极性。     

Environmental performance of tourism accommodations in the protected areas: Case of Goreme Historical National Park

This study was designed to explore the nature of environmental performance of tourism accommodations in Goreme Historical National Park which is in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The data were collected from 73 accommodation managers by using survey questionnaire that included 39 environmental performance indicators. Findings show that tourism accommodations have low performance on energy efficiency, water conservation, responsible waste management, communication, environmental training, the environmental awareness, necessary knowledge about and interest in the environmental protection and environmental policy. The accommodations need to have environmentally sensitive, concerned and knowledgeable managerial staff in order to preserve ecological integrity in protected areas.     

后金融危机时期中国扩大就业的财政政策选择

金融危机呼啸而来,无情地冲击着本就困难的就业市场,2010年就业状况更为严峻。通过考察发达国家在促进就业方面的成功经验,结合经济全球化背景下金融危机所致的日趋严峻的中国就业形势,后金融危机时代下我国运用积极财政政策来扩大就业应当出台更加有力的扩大国内需求措施,促进经济平稳较快增长和扩大就业;进一步优化财政投资结构,正确运用财政政策引导产业升级;应结合国情状况合理选择运用政府财政支出政策和减税政策。     

麦洛维水电站工程粘土心墙坝的设计优化与工期延长

通过浅谈粘土心墙坝设计优化的原因和优化项目,从施工工艺和施工进度上分析优化对施工的影响以及对麦洛维水电站二期导流程序的影响。